Poli Sci Final

Political Identity

A social identity associating you with a specific party.

Political Attitude

How one thinks about how well a society is doing based off how quickly political change is occurring.

Political Ideology

The basic ideas someone holds regarding the fundamental goal of politics.

Primordialism

The idea that ethnicities and nations are natural and fixed.

Constructivism

Individuals' ideas shape themselves and not religion.

Secularization

The idea of moving something from a religious to a secular context.

Gender

A social construct that refers to differences between men and women.

Women’s Suffrage

The process by which women gained rights across the globe.

Gender Wage Gap

The difference of earnings between men and women.

Reserved Seats

A seat or seats in a parliamentary position (e.g., Senate, House).

LGBTQ+ Rights

Rights affecting LGBTQ people.

Populism

The political ideology that appeals to ordinary people.

Political Violence

Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated.

Revolution

Public seizure of the state to overturn the existing regime and government.

Terrorism

The use of violence by non-state actors against civilians to achieve a political goal.

Westminster Model

The executive branch must respond to Parliament.

Tory Party

One of the UK's largest conservative parties.

Labour Party

One of the UK's largest parties, recently in power with Keir Starmer.

Brexit

British Exit from the European Union.

Fifth Republic

France's current regime, a system of semi-presidentialism.

Marie Le Pen

Leader of the National Front right-wing party.

Emmanuel Macron

Young centrist economist, elected in 2017.

Triple Transition

Russia's simultaneous economic, political, and regime change.

Vladimir Putin

Current president of Russia, ruling since 1999.

Personalist Autocracy

All power lies in the hands of one person, Vladimir Putin in this context.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party until 1976.

Deng Xiaoping

Paramount leader who changed Chinese economics.

Xi Jinping

China's current leader, head of the party, state, and military.

CCP (Chinese Communist Party)

Authoritarian party ruling China since 1999.

Party State

One single party, the CCP, controls the entire state.

Cultural Republic

Socio-political movement in China.

Gandhi

Indian national leader of the Indian Freedom movement.

Congress Party

One of two major parties in India, ruled for a long time after independence.

BJP

India’s People’s Party, a Hindu nationalist party, came to power in 2014.

Narendra Modi

Prime Minister of India, representing the BJP.

Guardian Council

Appointed council that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation.

Revolutionary Guard

Parliamentary force protecting the regime from domestic and internal enemies.

Basij

“People's Militia” serves as morality police in Iran.

Mahsa Amini Protest Movement

A protest movement in Iran for bodily autonomy after Mahsa Amini's death.

1917 Revolution

Largely related to the Russian Revolution.

PRI State Led Development

State-led development model in Mexico that shifted to liberalization due to economic failure.

Drug War

A war on drugs that started in Mexico in 2006.

AMLO

Leftist president of Mexico.

Gender Quotas

Making sure women are represented throughout politics.

Claudia Sheinbaum

Mexico’s first female president, left-wing, close to AMLO.

Republic of Biafra

Igbo-dominated region that tried to secede from Nigeria in the 1970s.

Resource Curse

Theory of development where natural resources impede modernization and democracy.

Federal Character Principle

Nigerian quota system for appointing a diverse government.

Bola Tinubu

President of Nigeria since 2023.