Cultural & Herbal Remedies - Patho/Pharm

What is culture?

A shared way of life, beliefs, and behaviors.

What is a subculture?

A smaller group within a larger culture.

What is cultural diversity?

Differences in cultural beliefs and practices among groups.

What is cultural respect?

Acknowledging and valuing a patient's cultural beliefs.

What is cultural dissonance?

Discomfort or conflict caused by cultural differences.

What is a stereotype?

A fixed assumption about a group.

What is cultural imposition?

Forcing one's own cultural values on another person.

What is cultural blindness?

Ignoring cultural differences.

What is culture conflict?

A clash between cultural beliefs or values.

What is culturally competent care?

Care that respects and adapts to the patient's cultural needs.

What is the key reminder from the lecture about patients?

Treat the patient as an individual, not as a representative of a cultural group.

Why are translators important in care?

They help bridge language barriers.

What should nurses know in areas with many languages?

Key words in the common languages around the facility.

Which groups may prefer indirect eye contact according to the lecture?

Asian, Native American, Indochinese, Arab, and Appalachian groups.

How may some Hispanics use eye contact?

May avoid direct eye contact in deference.

How may Muslim-Arab women use eye contact with men?

May avoid direct eye contact.

How may Hasidic Jewish men use eye contact with women?

May avoid direct eye contact.

What are two common greetings mentioned in the lecture?

Handshakes and bows.

What is personal space?

The area around a person that is regarded as part of that person.

Which groups may prefer larger personal space?

Asian and European descent groups.

Which groups may prefer smaller personal space?

Arabic and African groups.

What do gestures convey?

Emotion and meaning.

What should nurses remember about gestures?

Some can be inappropriate or negative in another culture.

What is the US time orientation in the lecture?

Future oriented.

What countries are also described as future oriented?

America and Japan.

What is present-oriented time culture?

A culture that focuses on the present moment.

Which groups were listed as present oriented?

France, Hopi tribe of Arizona, and Piraha tribe of Amazon.

What is past-oriented time culture?

A culture that emphasizes the past.

Which countries were listed as past oriented?

Great Britain, India, and China.

What does clock-oriented time mean?

Promptness and punctuality are valued.

Which countries are noted as clock oriented?

The US, Germany, and Switzerland.

What does event-oriented time mean?

Time is viewed more flexibly.

How may lateness be viewed in some South Asian cultures?

As a sign of respect.

What cultural factors can influence medication use?

Socioeconomic factors, herbals, and beliefs about health and illness.

What beliefs about illness are listed in the lecture?

Harmony within the body, hot and cold illnesses, punishment or reward from God, evil spirits, and connection with nature.

What is a health disparity?

A health difference between groups of people.

What can health disparities affect?

How often disease occurs, how many people get sick, and how often disease causes death.

What is the ESFT model used for?

Culturally competent care.

What does ESFT help nurses explore?

Explanatory beliefs, social and environmental factors, fears and concerns, and therapeutic contracting.

What is one example of an explanatory belief question?

What do you think caused your problem?

What is one social and environmental question in ESFT?

How do you get your medications?

What is one fears and concerns question in ESFT?

Are you concerned about the dosage?

What is one therapeutic contracting question in ESFT?

Can you tell me how you will take it?

Why should nurses avoid assuming a cultural practice is abuse?

Some practices may be cultural, not harmful intent.

What is coining in the lecture?

A cultural practice that can leave visible markings on the skin.

What is a key nursing response to the Hmong coining example?

Recognize it as a cultural practice of coining to ease illness.

What is the central idea behind the cultural beliefs case examples?

Beliefs may conflict with the dominant American health-care system.

What is an example of a cultural conflict involving prognosis?

A spouse refusing to let staff tell a terminally ill patient the prognosis.

What is an example of a cultural conflict involving blood transfusion?

Jehovah’s Witness refusal of blood transfusions.

What is an example of a cultural conflict involving gender of caregiver?

Orthodox Sikh refusal of a different-sex nurse.

What is an example of a cultural conflict involving prayer?

An Amish client wanting prayer before consenting to surgery.

What is a core nursing principle when caring for diverse clients?

Assess beliefs without stereotyping.

What should the nurse do if a client does not speak English?

Use an interpreter.

When using an interpreter, whom should the nurse speak to?

The client directly.

What should the interpreter do during the interaction?

Interpret each word rather than rephrasing.

What should the nurse avoid doing with an interpreter?

Asking questions only to the interpreter.

What is the cultural importance of nonverbal communication?

Eye contact, space, and gestures may mean different things across cultures.

What is the main purpose of culturally competent care?

To respect differences and provide individualized care.

What is Aloe vera used for in the lecture?

Sunburn, skin softener, and laxative.

What is a side effect concern with Aloe vera?

Hypersensitivity.

What does Aloe vera do regarding menstrual flow?

It can increase bleeding.

When should Aloe vera be avoided?

In clients with kidney disease.

What electrolyte issue can Aloe vera cause as a laxative?

Electrolyte imbalance.

What medications can interact with Aloe vera?

Digoxin, diuretics, corticosteroids, and antidysrhythmics.

What should nurses teach about Aloe vera?

Recognize fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

What is Black Cohosh used for?

Treating symptoms of menopause.

What does Black Cohosh act as?

An estrogen substitute.

What side effects can Black Cohosh cause?

N/V/D, lightheadedness, headache, rash, and weight gain.

When should Black Cohosh be avoided?

During pregnancy.

How long should Black Cohosh use be limited?

To 6 months.

What medications can Black Cohosh affect?

Antihypertensives, estrogen meds, insulin, and other diabetic meds.

What should nurses assess before Black Cohosh use?

Patient assessment and medication history.

What is Echinacea used for?

Stimulating the immune system.

What else is Echinacea used for?

Decreasing inflammation and healing skin disorders, wounds, and burns.

What viral-related use is listed for Echinacea?

Treats viruses.

What immune effects are listed for Echinacea?

Increases T-lymphocytes, TNF, and interferon production.

What side effects can Echinacea cause?

Bitter taste, mild GI symptoms, fever, and allergic reactions.

Who is at risk for allergic reaction to Echinacea?

Clients with ragweed or daisy family allergies.

What happens with Echinacea use longer than 6 months?

It can interfere with TB, HIV, or cancer medications.

What is Feverfew used for?

Blocking platelet aggregation and migraine-related factors.

What side effects can Feverfew cause?

Mild GI symptoms, agitation, tiredness, insomnia, headache, and joint discomfort.

Who may react to Feverfew?

Clients allergic to ragweed or Echinacea.

What does Feverfew do with bleeding risk?

Increases bleeding with NSAIDs, heparin, and warfarin.

What does Garlic do in the lecture?

Lowers LDL, raises HDL, lowers triglycerides, suppresses platelet aggregation, and acts as a vasodilator.

What side effects can Garlic cause?

N/V/D.

What medications can Garlic increase bleeding with?

NSAIDs, heparin, and warfarin.

What can Garlic decrease levels of?

Saquinavir and cyclosporine.

What is Ginger root used for?

Vertigo, nausea, GI motility, anti-inflammatory effects, and rheumatoid arthritis pain and stiffness.

What does Ginger do to the GI tract?

Increases intestinal motility, gastric mucus, and decreases GI spasms.

What pregnancy warning is listed for Ginger?

Use caution because it can cause contractions.

What serious effects can large amounts of Ginger cause?

CNS depression and cardiac dysrhythmias.

What can Ginger increase with diabetic medications?

Hypoglycemia.

What should nurses monitor with Ginger?

Hypoglycemia.

What is Ginkgo biloba used for?

Vasodilation, decreased leg pain in PAD, reduced platelet aggregation, reduced bronchospasm, and improved memory.

What side effects can Ginkgo biloba cause?

Mild GI upset, headache, and lightheadedness.

Who should use Ginkgo biloba cautiously?

Clients with seizures.

What medications can Ginkgo biloba interact with?

Antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticoagulants.

What is Glucosamine used for?

Osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and wrist.

What does Glucosamine do?

Stimulates cartilage and synovial fluid and reduces joint inflammation.