Part 6- INSECTICIDES, RODENTICIDES, HERBICIDES

[INSECTICIDES]

INSECTICIDES Includes:

a. Atropine + pralidoxime
b. DDT + methylene
c. Pralidoxime + carbaryl
d. Organophosphates + carbamates

d. organophosphates + carbamates

[INSECTICIDES]

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

a. Atropine
b. DDT
c. Lidocaine
d. Carbaryl

b. DDT &
c. Lidocaine

[INSECTICIDES]

Which pesticide is a chlorinated hydrocarbon neurotoxin?

a. Chlordane
b. Methimazole
c. Deferoxamine
d. Penicillamine

a. Chlordane

[INSECTICIDES]

The mechanism of toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons involves:

a. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
b. Stimulate calcium flux leading to myocardial irritation and CNS inhibitory activity
c. MAO inhibition leading to myocardial irritation and CNS depression
d. Interference with Na⁺/K⁺ flux leading to myocardial irritation and CNS hyperexcitability

c. Interference with Na⁺/K⁺ flux leading to myocardial irritation and CNS hyperexcitability

[INSECTICIDES]

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS Clinical Presentations:

• CNS Excitations – tremors, HA, agitation, seizures, disorientation, coma

• Respiratory depression

• Nausea and vomiting

[INSECTICIDES]

Pyrethroids are:

a. Less toxic to insects than humans
b. More commonly used in modern insecticides
c. Most toxic heavy metal
d. Organophosphate antidotes

b. More commonly used in modern insecticides

[INSECTICIDES]

Pyrethroids are approximately how much more toxic to insects than humans?

a. 10 times
b. 100 times
c. 500 times
d. 1000 times

d. 1000 times

[INSECTICIDES]

The mechanism of toxicity of pyrethroids is:

a. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
b. Increased Na⁺ conductance and decreased Cl⁻ conductance
c. After Na+/K+ flux (myocardial irritation) → CNS hyperexcitability
d. MAO inhibition

b. Increased Na⁺ conductance and decreased Cl⁻ conductance

[INSECTICIDES]

Pyrethroids Clinical Presentations:

• Dizziness

• Headache

• Fatigue

• Seizure / coma

[RODENTICIDES]

The mechanism of toxicity of coumarin rodenticides is:

a. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
b. Activation of plasminogen
c. Inhibition of MAO
d. Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

d. Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

[RODENTICIDES]

Which antidote is used for coumarin rodenticide poisoning?

a. Atropine
b. Deferoxamine
c. Vitamin K
d. Naloxone

c. Vitamin K (Phytonadione)

[RODENTICIDES]

[RODENTICIDES]

[Yellow or Red] Phosphorous

a. granular =____

b. fat-soluble =____

c. non-absorbed =____

d. waxy =____

e. highly poisonous =____

f. non poisonous =____

a. granular = Red

b. fat-soluble = Yellow

c. non-absorbed = Red

d. waxy = Yellow

e. highly poisonous = Yellow

f. non poisonous = Red

[RODENTICIDES]

A classic finding in yellow phosphorus poisoning is:

a. Burton's line
b. Kaiser-Fleischer ring
c. Luminous vomitus with garlic odor
d. Pink palms and soles

c. Luminous vomitus with garlic odor

[RODENTICIDES]

Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with phosphorus poisoning?

a. Hypernatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hypermagnesemia

c. Hypocalcemia

[RODENTICIDES]

A patient with phosphorus poisoning may develop:

a. Cardiac arrhythmias
b. HF
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Coma

a. Cardiac arrhythmias
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Coma

[RODENTICIDES]

Which of the following is used in the treatment of phosphorus poisoning?

a. Copper sulfate (CuSO₄)
b. Gastric lavage
c. Barbiturates for seizure
d. Benzodiazepines for seizures

a. Copper sulfate (CuSO₄)
b. Gastric lavage
d. Benzodiazepines for seizures

[HERBICIDES]

Herbicides:

a. Organophosphates
b. Bipyridyl
c. Carbamates
d. Coumarins

b. Bipyridyl

[HERBICIDES]

The mechanism of toxicity of bipyridyl herbicides is:

a. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
b. Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent factors
c. Inhibition of superoxide dismutase
d. Inhibition of MAO

c. Inhibition of superoxide dismutase

[HERBICIDES]

BIPYRIDYL HERBICIDES: Paraquat or Diquat

a. Burning pain in mouth, throat, chest, upper abdomen =____

b. Pulmonary edema =____

c. Edema =____

d. Pulmonary fibrosis =____

e. Pancreatitis =____

f. Hemorrhage =____

g. CNS effects =____

h. Renal damage =____

a. Burning pain in mouth, throat, chest, upper abdomen = Diquat

b. Pulmonary edema = Diquat

c. Edema = Paraquat

d. Pulmonary fibrosis = Paraquat

e. Pancreatitis = Diquat

f. Hemorrhage = Paraquat

g. CNS effects = Diquat

h. Renal damage = Diquat