Jesus the Man, the Savior, the God

What does Jesus mean

God saves

What does Emmanuel mean

God is with us

What is the occupation of Jesus

Carpenter, Rabbi

What is the religion of Jesus

Judaism

When did Jesus die, what case and manner

33 AD, case: blasphemy, crucifixion, asphyxiation

Flavius Josephus (Jewish Historian)

Jesus, the brother of James, “Jesus the “so called christ.”

Pliny & Tacitus

• Christian worshipping Christ as God was “Pig headed obstinacy”

• “Destructive superstition” -Tacitus

During the hidden years of christ (12-30) what were the lessons he learned?

1. Lesson of Silence

2. Lesson of Family Life

3. Lesson of work

Where did Jesus live? Where is it now modern day

Under the rule of the Roman Empire, now known as Canaan, Israel, & Palestine

What were the dominant group at the time?

Jews

Languages spoken

Hebrew; language

Aramaic; dialect

Greek; economics

Latin; imperial

King Herod

• Rebuilt the Temple of Jerusalem

Rulers and where they ruled:

• Herod Antipas; Galilee

• Philip; North & Northeastern

• Archelaus( Samaria & Judea)

What are Jews

• Race/religion from Israel

• Judaism, Belief in YHWH

• Abraham, Isaac

Where is the center of worship in Judaism

Temple of Jerusalem

Sadducees

• “Sanhedrin”, priests (religious conservatives)

• only believe in Torah

• No angels, immortal souls, resurrection

Pharisees

“Separated ones”

• strict observers of the Torah

• Believe in resurrection

Essences

“Dead Sea scrolls”

• modern monks

• John the Baptist

Zealots

• Revolutionaries

• Patriots, freedom fighters, brigands, terrotist

• They saw the Jewish messiah as the leader show would overthrow the Roman government

Groups within Judaism

a. Sadducees

b. Pharisees

c. Essenes

d. Zealots

Titles of Jesus

a. Christ/Messiah

b. Lord

c. Son of God

d. Son of Man

e. Son of David

f. Word of God

g. Lamb of God

h. Suffering Servant

Christ/Messiah

• Greek: Christos

• Hebrew: Mashiah

• “The anointed one”

• The promised messiah

Lord

• Aramaic: Adonai

• Sir

• Sub for YHWH

• Jesus is divine person with divine authority

Son of God

• Righteous men/angels, important Judge/rulers

• Jesus is the divine person who shares the nature of his Father

Son of Man

• Semitic idiom used to denote self/humanity in a humble manner

• Jesus is the ruler & savior of the world

• Daniel

Son of David

• Lineage of David (the kingdom of David never ends)

• Jesus is the eternal king

Word of God

• Greek; Logos

• In Greek philo: The rational principle ordering & governing the cosmos

• Jesus is the fullness of God's communication

Lamb of God

• Lamb: animal sacrifice offered to God for the forgiveness of sins

• Jesus death was atoning the sacrifice for the forgiveness of our sins

Suffering Servant

• Someone chosen by Hod to endure tremendous suffering to bring justice to the world

• Jesus is the fulfillment of he prophecy

• “servant of God”

The Eternal High Priest

• Priest is the mediator between God & man who offers sacrifice

• Jesus is the mediator between God & man who offered himself as sacrifice

Describe a Messiah according to Isaiah

• Child, descendant of David

• Miraculously conceived

• Perform miracles

• Gentiles will believe & his own will reject him

  
  

incarnation

Latin In-Carnis; “Flesh, meat”; to put flesh

Explain “Jesus is the God in the flesh”

• God has taken on human nature through Jesus to bring salvation

• Jesus is both fully human & fully divine

What is Kenosis

Christ “self-emptying” during incarnation, humbling himself to take on human nature

Heresy

Belief/opinion that are contrary to established religious orthodoxy

Arianism

Arius

Athanasius

Arius

• Christ is not fully divine; not coeternal with the father

• Christ is the “first born of all creation.”

• Heteroousios

Heteroousios

Christ is of a “different substance” than the father

Atanasius

• Christ is coeternal with the Father

• Homoousios

• Full divinity of Christ

Homoousios

Christ is of “same substance” as the Father

Council of Nicaea (325)

• 1st of 7 “ecumenical council”

• Ruled in favor of Athanasius & full divinity of christ

3 main parties of the council of Nicaea

• Arius: Heteroousios

• Athanasius: Homoouios

• Compromise: Homoiousios (similar substance)

Council of Constantinople (381)

• Revised Nicene Creed

• Clarified equality of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

Council of Ephesus (431)

• Against Nestorius

• Mary is “Theotokos” not “Christotokos”

Council of Chalcedon (451)

• Against Eutyches

• Jesus “fully God, fully human”, 2 natures in one person

4 reasons for God to assume human nature

1. Experiential/Intellectual

2. Relational

3. Mora

4. Teleological

Experiential/Intellectual

Make us know Gods love

Relational

Save us from sin by reconciling us to God

Moral

Become our model of holiness

Taleological

Make us partakes of Divine Nature

Kingdom of God

Salvation

2 things that characterize the Messianic age:

1. Transformation of the world

2. The establishment of a Righteous Community

Stages of the Unfolding of the Kingdom of God

• Preparation: The Old Testament promise

• Inauguration: The Ministry of Jesus

• Present Continuation: Church and Mission

• Final Perfection: Parousia

For the Jews, what is the Kingdom of God?

Political Freedom

How did Jesus Inaugurate the Kingdom: The Public Ministry

• Baptism

• Calling of the Twelve

• Teaching & Preaching: Beatitudes, Parables

• Works of Mercy

• Miracles

• Exorcism

baptism

Figure of death

Burial of the sinful person: we die with Jesus

Rising out of the water

• symbolized the new life of obedience with God: we rise with Jesus

3 Temptations of Jesus

1. He was tempted to turn the stones into bread

2. Temptation to show off the power of God

3. Temptation to worship Satan in exchange for wealth & power

Pattern on how the apostles were called

1. Jesus passes by

2. He sees somebody

3. The persons occupation is described

4. The person is called

5. The person leave everything

6. The person follows Jesus

How will God exercise his kingly powers

1. Caring for his constituents

2. Providing for their needs

3. Protecting them from all threat to their shalom(peace)

Beatitudes

Latin: Beatituto “Blessedness”

Greek: Makarios “sense of inner contentment unaffected by outward circumstances.”

The 8 beatitudes

1. The poor in spirit; not afraid to give up everything

2. Those who mourn; compassionate

3. The meek; devote life to service

4. Those who hunger & thirst for righteousness; fight for justice

5. The merciful

6. The pure of heart; loyal

7. The peacemakers; builders of justice & peace

8. Those who are persecuted for righteousness sake

Parabole

A fictive illustration in narrative form

Marshal “riddle”

What is the challenge of the parables

• Discover the truth behind the story & act according to message

Characteristics of Parables

1. Brevity

2. Realism

3. Open-endedness

4. Polyvalence

Brevity

Anything that is brief & concise & contains wisdom

Realism

Drawn from things in actual day-to-day life experiences

Open-tenderness

The audience are expected to provide the conclusion

Polyvalence

There is no single correct interpretation

Classifications of parables

A. Parables on the Good News of the Kingdom

B. Parables on the Children of the Kingdom

C. Parables on the Kingdom as Judgement

Parables on the Good News of the Kingdom

Tells how valuable the Kingdom is, and he good it will bring to those who will enter it (End)

Parables on the Children of the Kingdom

Shows how the disciples should behave in order to enter the kingdom (means)

Parables on the Kingdom as Judgement

Illustrate the sad fate of those who reject the gift of the kingdom/ those who did not realize its urgency (consequences)

What does “The kingdom is here and not yet” mean

• Future: no more poverty, disease, sadness, oppression, death

• Present: when hungry are fed, homeless are sheltered, naked are clothed, Gods will is fulfilled.

The Kingdom of God in the Works of Jesus

I. Works of Mercy

II. Miracles

III. Table Fellowship

Works of Mercy

• He went out to meet & forgive sinners

• Dined with the outcast of society

• Reached out to the prostitures

• Conversed w women

• Calls everyone to conversion

Miracles

Greek: dynamis (power), sameion (sign)

Shows:

1. The power of God over all creation

2. A sign of what it would be like when God’s kingdom is fully established

3. Points to origin of the sign

Etymology of Miracles

Latin—miraculum ‘object of wonder’

Apparitions of Jesus

• St. Margaret Alacoque: Sacred of Jesus

• St. Faustina Kolwaska: Divine Mercy

Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary; Dec 12, 1531

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary: February 11, 1859

Our Lady of Lourdes

Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary: May 13, 1917

Our Lady of Fatima

Eucharistic Miracles

The miracle of Lanciano Italy

The Redemptive Suffering of Jesus

• Washing of the feet

• Redemptive act; ult service for the kingdom

• Corporate solidarity; took up our sins

• Redeem us

2 ways Jesus redeemed us

• Subjective: remove our guilt

• Objective: teach us how to repair our relationship with God

The Death of Jesus

• Atonement; made himself offering

• Redemption is Universal

• Empowered us not to return evil with evil

• Call us to repentance

Resurrection of Jesus

• Central theme of our faith

• Make us sharers in the new life

Divinity of Jesus according to St Ignatius of Antioch

Got himself appearing in form of a man. Jesus is God.

Divinity of Jesus according to St. Clement of Rome

Jesus judge of the living and the dead

Divinity of Jesus according to St. Justin Martyr

Christ is king and priest and God and Lord

Divinity of Jesus according to St. Polycarp

Jesus as Eternal High Priest, the God Jesus

Divinity of Jesus according to St. Irenaeus

Jesus proclaimed by prophets, the apostle