HOSA Integument Description

seborrheic dermatitis

one of the most common skin disorders, inflammatory condition of the sebaceous, or oil, glands.

contact dermatitis

acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by an exogenous chemical or substance.

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

chronic inflammation of the skin that tends to occur in patients with a family history of allergic conditions.

Urticaria

hives, associated with severe itching, followed by the appearance of redness and an area of swelling (wheal) in a localized area.

psoriasis

a chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with characteristic white, silvery scales.

Rosacea

a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the facial skin, causes redness, primarily in areas where individuals blush or flush.

Acne Vulgaris

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. papules, pustules, and comedones usually present.

Herpes zoster

acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles

Impetigo

Common, contagious, and superficial skin infection. manifests with early vesicular or pustular lesions that rupture and for thick yellow crusts.

furuncles and carbuncles

a furuncle (boil) us apus-containing abscess that involves the entire hair follicle, and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. a carbuncle is a large furuncle, or multiple furuncles that develop in adjacent follicles.

Cellulitis

an acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Dermatophytosis

dermatophytosis (tinea) is a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin.

Tinea capitis

fungal infection of the scalp. Characterized by round, gray, scaly lesions on the scalp.contagious and often epidemic among children. infected child may have slight pruritus of the scalp, or may be asymptomatic.

Tinea Corporis (ringworm)

fungal infection of the body. characterized by lesions that are round, ringed, and scaled with vesicles. infection occurs in anyone who has contact with other infected domestic animals, especially cats. more common in rural and humid places. may also be from contact with contaminated soil, or travel from other parts of the body (tinea pedis/capitis).

Tinea Unguium

fungal infection of the nails. typically begins at the tip of the toenail, affecting one or more nails at a time. can also affect fingernails, but is less common. affected nails appear hypertrophic, or thickened, brittle, and lusterless.

Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot)

Fungal infection of the feet. characterized by intense, burning, stinging pruritus between the toes, and on the soles of the feet. skin becomes inflamed, dry, reddened, and peeling. fissures may develop. condition is rare in children.

Tinea Cruris (jock itch)

Fungal infection of the groin region. characterized raised, red, and pruritic vesicular patches, with well defined borders, located in the groin area. occurs more often in adult men, and may be associated with tinea pedis. flare-ups frequent in the summer.

Decubitus ulcers

commonly called a pressure ulcer or bed sore, is a localized area of dead skin that can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.

scabies and pediculosis

itch mites (scabies),and lice (pediculosis) are the two most common parasitic insects to infest humans. scabies infestations are caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei. lice resemble insects, but are wingless parasites with sucking mouths. they lay eggs or body hair and clothing folds.

Benign and premalignant tumors

noncancerous growths or tumors of the skin fall into two categories, benign and premalignant. benign tumors usually cosmetic issues only. premalignant tumors must be treated asap, to prevent development into malignancies. common benign and premalignant tumors include seborrheic keratoses, dermatofibromas, keratoacanthomas, keloids, hypertrophic scars, epidermal cysts, acrochordons, actinic keratoses, and nevi.

Seborrheic keratosis

benign growths originating in the epidermis, clinically appearing as tan-brown, greasy papules or plaques. has the appearance of being pasted onto the skin. for the most part, asymptomatic, but may cause pruritus, especially in elderly people. appearance may indicate presence of an internal malignancy, most commonly of the stomach.

Dermatofibroma

benign and asymptomatic, can be found on any part of the body, particularly on the front of the lower leg. most often seen in young adults, and are more common in women. lesions are thought to be caused by fibrous reactions to viral infections. growths can also be caused by a reaction to insect bites and trauma are commonly raised, scaly, hard growths that are pinkish brown.

Keratoacanthoma

a benign epithelial growth that may be caused by a virus and generally is seen in people in their 60s. growth is smooth, red, and dome shaped papule with a central crust, that usually appears singly, but may occur in multiple numbers. can disappear spontaneously, but scarring is common. must be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma.

Keloids and Hypertrophic scars

Keloids and hypertrophic scars occur secondary to trauma or surgery. keloid first appears normal, but after several months, it become noticeably larger and thicker. keloids are harmless, but may produce pruritus, and sometimes deformities. they are more common in black skinned people. keloids extend beyond the wound site and do not regress spontaneously. hypertrophic scars however, do not extend but stay confined to the site, and generally regress over time. keloids are addressed surgically.

Epidermal (sebaceous) cyst

sebaceous cysts develop when a sebaceous gland slowly fills with a thick fluid. may take many years, but is usually painless and harmless. some cysts, usually small ones, may have a blackhead in the pore, connecting the cyst to the skin's surface. larger cysts are palpable and moveable and range in size from millimeters to several centimeters. common found on the face, scalp, base of the ears, and on the chest. can develop on any part of the body that contains sebaceous glands.

Acrochordon (skin tag)

common benign skin growths or tags. painless and usually caused by friction, mainly found on the axilla, on the neck, and on inguinal areas of the body. can be brown or skin colored, flat or slightly elevated, and are attached to the body by a short stalk.

Actinic keratosis

common premalignant lesions, and are seen on sun-exposed areas of the body. they are caused by long-term exposure to UV portion of sunlight, and numbers increase with age. light-skinned people are at higher risk. actinic keratosis initially appears as an area of rough vascular skin, which later forms a yellowish brown, adherent crust.

skin carcinomas

collectively, all skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma. BCC is the most common form of cancer. BCC and SCC do not metastasize, but left untreated may cause significant local tissue death. may invade nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels, cartilage, and bone.

nonmelanoma skin cancers

BCC and SCC affect more than 3 million americans each year. BCC arises in the basal (deepest) layer of the epidermis, and SCC arises in the epithelial 9 outer) layer.

Malignant melanoma

most serious of the three types of skin cancer, but less common. arises in epidermal melanocytes, cells that make brown skin pigment.

abnormal skin pigmentation

the skin normally contains melanocytes, that produce skin pigment. several conditions cause the melanocytes to develop abnormally, or be distributed abnormally. this results in discoloration or paleness.

Albinism

rare, inherited condition in which melanocytes are unable to produce melanin. patient is pale skinned, with white hair, and generally pink or pale blue eyes. rare disorder occurring in all race,is commonly accompanied by eye problems. eye problems include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, nystagmus, strabismus, and photophobia. patients must avoid the sun.

vitiligo

possibly an autoimmune condition, vitiligo produces pale irregular patches of skin, often evenly located on one side of the body. patches may enlarge, shrink, or stay the same. affects all races. often follow a stressful incident. patients encouraged to use sunscreen.

melasma

occurs in some women during hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy, or with oral contraceptive use. patches of darker skin develop on the face, especially over the cheeks. condition disappears after childbirth, or when oral contraceptive use is discontinued.

hemangiomas

benign lesions of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produce a red, blue, or purple color, examples of hemangiomas are the nevus flammeus (port wine stain), which is dark red to purple, and usually located on the face. also strawberry hemangioma, which is bright red, and has a protruding, rough surface, and cherry hemangioma, which is red to purple, with a smooth, dome shaped small papule.

nevi (moles)

small dark areas of skin composed of dense collections of melanocytes. may contain hair. moles may occasionally become malignant.

pityriasis

fungal infection that causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin to develop on the trunk of the body. this is uncommon.

abnormal suntan

abnormal suntan is an unspecified adverse effect resulting from a proper drug, medicinal or biologic substance properly administered.

Alopecia (baldness)

loss or absence of hair, especially on the scalp.

Corns and Calluses

corns and calluses are extremely common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis.

Verrucae (warts)

elevated growths of the epidermis, that result from hyperplasia.

Folliculitis

inflammatory reaction of the hair follicles, that produces erythemic, pustular lesions.

deformed or discolored nails

nails with any unusual thickening, shape, or color that deviates from normal.

Paronychia

infection of the skin around a nail