**Bone Markings (1st Quiz)

Condyle

Large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure

(ex: occipital condyle- they line the foramen magnum (spine hole). Articulates with first cervical vertebra).

Facet

Small, flat, shallow, articulating surface

(ex: superior articular facet on thoracic vertebra)

Head

Prominent, rounded epiphysis

(ex: rounded end at the top of femur or humerus)

Trochlea

Smooth, grooved, pulley-like articular process

(ex: bottom of the humerus that articulates with the trochlea notch of the ulna)

Articulating surfaces

2 bones meet at a joint. These include Condyle, Facet, Head, and Trochlea

Depressions

These include Alveolus (plural: alveoli), Fossa (plural: fossae), Sulcus

Fossa (plural: fossae)

Flattened or shallow depression

(ex: Mandibular fossa which articulates with mandible)

Sulcus

Narrow groove

(ex: Intertubercular sulcus which is between the two tubercles. It is a deep depression that contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle)

Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

These include Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Process, Ramus (plural: rami), Spine, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity

Crest

Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

(ex: Iliac crest which is the superiormost ridge of the ilium. Palpate the posterosuperior edges of your hip; the ridge of bone you feel on each side)

Epicondyle

Projection adjacent to a condyle

(ex: medial and lateral epicondyle which are on the sides of the knee and are superior to each medial and lateral condyle)

bone Process

Any marked bony prominence

(ex: Zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone)

Spine

Pointed, slender process

(ex: anterior superior iliac spine or posterior superior iliac spine which is where the iliac crest arises between)

Trochanter

Massive, rough projection found only on the femur

(ex: greater trochanter (bigger projection at the top of the femur) and lesser trochanter (little projection on the inside of femur towards the top))

Tubercle

Small, round projection

(ex: greater tubercle on the humerus which is positioned lateral to the head of the humerus)

Tuberosity

Large, rough projection

(ex: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus which a roughened bump on the shaft of the humerus)

Canal

Passageway through a bone

(ex: optic canal which is the tiny hole in upper eye)

Fissure

Narrow, slit like opening through a bone

(ex: superior orbital fissure which is the tear drop hole next to optic canal)

Foramen (plural: foramina)

Rounded passageway through a bone

(ex: foramen magnum which is posterior to where the spine connects to the head (spine hole))

Meatus

Passageway through a bone

(ex: external acoustic Meatus which is the ear canal area)

Sinus

Cavity or hollow space in a bone

(ex: sphenoid sinus)

Suture

interlocking line of union between bones (mainly in the skull)

Fontanel

Soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

Line bone marking

long, narrow ridge for muscles to atttach to.

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