TK1114 Computer Programming - Introduction to Java Programming

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts, syntax, problem-solving techniques, and data types introduced in TK1114 Computer Programming (Java).

Program

A sequence of instructions that specifies how to perform computation on computer hardware.

Computer

A tool designed to follow instructions (programs) to perform many functions.

Computer Programmer

A person who writes programs to perform a certain task.

Programming

The process of creating a set of instructions (program) that tells the computer what kind of task to do as part of a problem-solving process.

Pseudocode

A step-by-step outline used to describe and design a program in a simple and easy-to-understand format, executing from top to bottom (top-down design).

Flowchart

A diagrammatic representation of a program using geometrical shapes connected by lines to show the order of statement execution.

Terminal Symbol

A flowchart symbol used to mark the start or end of a program.

Process Symbol

A rectangular flowchart symbol used when data is being manipulated.

Input / Output Symbol

A parallelogram flowchart symbol used when data is entered or displayed.

Decision Symbol

A diamond flowchart symbol used when there are two possible selections.

Flowline

A flowchart line or arrow used to show the directional order of statement execution.

Programming Languages

The tools used to write instructions for computers to follow.

Comments

Text ignored by the compiler that is used to explain the program; written as single-line (// text), block (/* text /), or documentation (/* documentation */).

Class Header

The line that marks the beginning of a class definition, consisting of an access specifier (such as public), the keyword class, and the class name.

Method Header

A line of code that marks the beginning of a method.

Method

A group of one or more programming statements designed to perform a specific task.

String Literal

A group of characters enclosed within double quotation marks.

System.in

The standard input object in Java that by default refers to the keyboard.

Scanner Class

A class from java.util used to create an object capable of reading user input from System.in.

System.out

The standard output object in Java that by default refers to the console.

Escape Sequence

A combination consisting of a backslash followed by a character (such as \n or \t) that directs output formatting rather than printing literal characters.

DecimalFormat

A class in the java.text package used to format numeric output into patterns, such as displaying currency values.

Identifier

A programmer-defined name representing program elements such as classes, variables, and methods.

Variable

A named storage location in computer memory that holds a single data value at a time.

Literal

A constant value written directly in the source code that is assigned to a variable or displayed as output.

Constant

An identifier declared with the final keyword that retains the same assigned value throughout its entire existence and cannot be modified.

Primitive Data Types

Basic built-in data types in Java that include byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, and char.

Non-Primitive Data Types

Reference types in Java that include String, Arrays, and user-defined Classes.

Assignment Operator (=)

An operator that copies the value evaluated on its right-hand side into the variable positioned on its left-hand side.

Initialization

The act of assigning an initial value to a variable within its declaration statement.

Modulus Operator (%)

An arithmetic operator that returns the remainder of the integer division of two operands.

Combined Assignment Operator

An operator (such as +=, -=, *=, /=, or %=) that performs an arithmetic operation on a variable and reassigns the resulting value back into that same variable.

Widening Conversion

The automatic conversion of a value from a lower-ranking data type to a higher-ranking data type without loss of data.

Narrowing Conversion

A data type conversion from a higher-ranking data type to a lower-ranking data type that is not automatically permitted because data loss or truncation may occur.

Cast Operator

An explicit operator (such as (int)) placed before an expression to manually convert it from one data type to another.

char Data Type

A primitive data type that stores a single character enclosed in single quotation marks.

boolean Data Type

A primitive data type that stores one of two logical states: true or false.

String Concatenation

The process of joining multiple strings or values together sequentially using the addition operator (+).

Relational Operators

Operators (==, !=,

Logical Operators

Operators including AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!) used to combine or modify boolean expressions.