Unit 2 AP Human Population

Vocabulary flashcards covering key population terms, metrics, and models for Unit 2 AP Human Population.

Age Distribution

A model describing the ages and genders of a given population

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers per unit of area of farmland

Arithmetic Density

Total number of objects in an area

Carrying Capacity

The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present

Cohort

A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit

Demographic Equation

The formula that calculates population change; found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution

Demographic Regions

The defined region in which the demographics take place

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates in 5 stages

Dependency Ratio

The number of people who are too young (under 15) or too old (over 65) to provide for themselves to the number of people who must provide for them

Diffusion of Fertility Control

The spread of birth control in an area

Disease Diffusion

When a disease spreads. Two types: contagious and hierarchical.

Doubling Time

Time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely, given the rate of natural increase is constant

Ecumene

The proportion of earth inhabited permanently by humans

Epidemiological Transition Model

A distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Gendered Space

Where genders are separated into different places

Infant Mortality Rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday compared to live babies within a particular area or country

J-Curve

When the population of an area grows exponentially

Maladaptation

An adaptation that has become less helpful then harmful

Mortality

Death rate

Natality

Crude birth rate

Neo-Malthusian

Theory that builds upon Malthus' thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into account two factors that Malthus did not: population growth in LDC's, and outstripping of resources other than food

Overpopulation

The relationship between the number of people in an area and the availability of resources is in trouble

Physiological Density

Number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture

Population Densities

The frequency with which something occurs in space is density

Population Distribution

Where and why a population is distributed in a certain area

Population Explosion

A sudden increase or spike in population

Population Projection

An estimate of what the population will be in a certain time period

Population Pyramid

A bar graph depicting the ages and sex of a population

Rate of Natural Increase

The rate of births minus the rate of deaths, excluding migration

S-Curve

The population increases exponentially, then plateaus

Sex Ratio

The amount of men to women

Standard of Living

The quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population

Sustainability

The ability to achieve and sustain for as long as possible

Thomas Malhus

Claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically and eventually population growth would outpace food production

Underpopulation

A sharp decrease or drop in population the rate of natural increase being less than one

Zero Population Growth

Where the fertility rate reaches a point that the population nether grows nor shrinks