afghanistan case study

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, indicative of the overall health of infants and the healthcare system.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, reflecting health care and the status of women in society.

NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)

An organization that operates independently from the government and is usually focused on addressing social or political issues.

ISAF (International Security Assistance Force)

A NATO-led security mission in Afghanistan established following the US-led invasion post-9/11.

Elimination of Violence Against Women Law 2009

A law enacted by the Afghan Government aimed at protecting women from violence and promoting their rights.

Community Development Councils (CDCs)

Locally elected councils in Afghanistan tasked with identifying and implementing community projects and plans.

Afghan Aid

An NGO that works closely with local communities in Afghanistan to improve basic human rights and promote sustainable development.

Poppy cultivation

The agricultural practice of growing poppies, often linked to illicit drug trade and negative impacts on local communities.

Top-down programs

Development initiatives imposed by higher authorities rather than developed in consultation with local populations.

Global governance of human rights

The international processes and institutions that aim to ensure the protection of human rights across different countries.