Cell Biology Chapter 9- Kailea Mundorf

Aerobic respiration

Consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP

Anarobic respiration

Respiration process that does not require oxygen

Fermentation

Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis (doesn't produce as much ATP but is faster)

Respiration

Series of chemical pathways that open molecules up and extract the energy from them

Ventilation

Inhalation and exhalation

Redox reactions

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

Oxidization

When an element loses electrons

Reduction

When an element gains electrons

Oxidizing agent

The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

Reducing agent

Donates electrons and becomes oxidized.

Stages of Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis
2. Citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Citric acid cycle

Completes the breakdown of glucose

Oxidation phosphorylation

Bulk of ATP is produced (because it is powered by redox reactions)

Substrate-level phosphorylation

When an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule (powers glycolysis and citric acid cycle)

Substrate of glycolysis

Glucose

Where does glycolysis occur?

What part of cellular respiration occurs in cytoplasm?

What is product of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate molecules are product of what?

Hexokinase

Cuts ATP

Isomerase

Transforms a molecule into isomer of itself

Aldolase

Cuts fructose biphosphate in half

Triose phosphate dehydrogenase

Removes hydrogen

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Cuts ATP away (ATP released)

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Rearrange the phosphate

Enolase

Cuts H2O away (H2O released)

Pyruvate kinase

Cuts away ATP (ATP released)