breeds exam 1

Define animal breeding

The long term strategy to effectively match animal genetic resources to production environment, want to breed an animal that has better value in the market they are in

What is an example of output traits

Meat, milking abilities, offspring

What is an example of input traits

Feed, water, shelter

Define strategic flexibility

Needed changes without unintended consequences, like breeding for more muscle but not trying to over muscle

What is transcription

DNA to RNA

What is translation

RNA to protein

What is an alternative name for genes

Allele

What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome called

Locus

What is the diploid value (2N) of cattle and goats

60

What is the diploid value (2N) of horses

64

What is the diploid value of sheep

54

What is diploid value of pigs

38

What is the parameter space of covariance

Negative infinity-positive infinity

What is the parameter space of relationship covariance

0-2

What is the parameter space of the inbreeding coefficient

0-1

What is the parameter space of the relationship coefficient

0-1

What parameter space of relationship coefficient for parent offspring

.5-1

What is parameter space for standard error of relationship coefficient

0-.1

Examples of qualitatively inherited characteristics

Coat color, horned/polled, presence of disease

Describe quantitative traits

Traits where differences among animals are due to differences in genotypes at many loci, are influenced by environmental factors, a continuous distribution of phenotype such as with a bell curve

Why are quantitative traits important

These traits are of most economic importance in livestock

What is production system complementarity

Use of breed differences to emphasize one set of characteristics in dams (productivity and efficiency/adaptability) and in sires (growth, carcass)