Ga Tech Psychology Dr Stern exam 3

classical conditioning

transferring response from one organism to another

Ivan Pavlov

Father of classical conditioning

Pavlov's Dogs

What was Pavlov famous for

neutral stimulus

before conditioning, does not elicit a response of interest

unconditioned stimulus

stimulus brings about a response without having been learned

unconditioned response

natural response to a stimulus

conditioned response

response that follows a previously neutral stimulus

John Watson

known for behaviorism and little albert study

BF Skinner

behaviorist who studied operant conditioning

reinforcement

in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

punishment

in operant conditioning, an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

negative

in operant conditioning, when something is taken away

positive

operant conditioning, something is added

continuous

behavior is reinforced/punished everytime it happens

partial

behavior is reinforced/punished some of the time it happens

fixed

know every time when the behavior will be reinforced/punished

variable

do not know every time when the behavior will be reinforced/punished

interval

if time determines the repetition of the reinforcement/punishment

ratio

if number of responses determines the repetition of the reinforcement/punishment

Modeling

learn behavior by watching other people

encoding

information is acquired and processed, moved from short to long term memory

elaboration

making connections between current and pre-existing information in memory

sensory memory

very accurate, lasts only a couple seconds, consists of audible, visual, and haptic senses

working memory

short term memory (info held 15-25 seconds)

long term memory

permanent memory, unlimited capacity

episodic memory

explicit memory, memories of certain events

semantic memory

explicit memory, memory of facts and information

procedural memory

implicit, memory of performing tasks

classical conditioning (implicit)

memory for emotional associations with objects

recall

remembering without prompts

recognition

remembering with cues

serial position effect

items at beginning and end of a list are easier to remember

cognition

process of acquiring knowledge and understanding

schema

collection of related concepts/ideas, how we organize information

phonemes

basic sounds of language

morphemes

smallest meangful part of language

semantics

meaning of words (definitions)

syntax

how words are arranged to make sentences

algorithms

step by step problem solving process

heuristics

mental strategies to solve problems

language development stage 1

0-3 months, reflexive communication

language development stage 2

3-8 months, babbbling, interest in others

language development stage 3

8-13 months Intentional communication; sociability

language development stage 4

12-18 months, first words

language development stage 5

Age: 18-24 months Simple sentences of two words

language development stage 6

2-3 years, sentences of three or more words

language development stage 7

3-5 years

Complex sentences; conversations

anchoring

focusing on an initial piece of information when making a decision

confirmation bias

focusing on info that confirms beliefs

hindsight bias

belief that something which happened was predictable

representativeness bias

overestimating outcomes based on prototype/perception (stereotyping)

availability bias

judging how likely something is to happen based on how easily examples come to mind

general intelligence

how well you can solve problems and learn new things

Catell's Theory

fluid and crystallized intelligence

crystallized intelligence

acquired knowledge

fluid intelligence

how well you can problem solve

sternbergs theory

analytical, creative, practical intelligence

practical intelligence

applying knowledge to get you through life

analytical intelligence

ability to analyze things and solve problems

creative intelligence

ability to think of novel solutions to problems

gardners theory

every domain of human activity has intelligence associated with it

stanford-binet IQ test

first widely used IQ test

wechsler intelligence test for children

most common IQ test for children

wechsler adult intelligence test

adult version of WISC

range of reaction

everyone has a genetically-set potential range for intelligence

amnesia

loss of memory, usually caused by brain damage/disease

retrograde amnesia

forgot all memories before trauma

anterograde amnesia

cannot make new memories after trauma

false memories

memory of something that did not happen

repressed memories

real memories that have been pushed out of consciousness due to trauma

chunking

group information together to better remember it

rehearsal

frequently rehearsing information leads to less forgetting

elaborative rehearsal

repeat information while drawing connections to other ideas/concepts already known

mnemonics

memory aids that associates between unrelated topics

photographic memory

ability to recall information with exact precision

eidetic memory

being able to hold an image in your head in great detail

method of loci

using a mental location as a mnemonic to better remember information