Anatomy & Physiology CH 1 power point questions

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy: What something is

Physiology: How it works

How might knowledge of surface anatomy be important for a health-care worker during a CPR emergency?

Chest compressions, because if done wrong it could lead to further damage to other structures.

Which field of physiology exams how the heart, blood vessels, and blood function.

Cardiovascular physiology

Compare and contrast how anatomist and physiologist specifically describe the small intestine.

-Anatomist focus on the form and structure of the small intestine. They describe the multiple layers in the wall of the small intestine. They study the tissues of the small intestine and the cells that compose them.

-Physiologist focus on the function of the small intestine. They examine how the muscles of the small intestine propel food through the digestive track. They study the mechanisms by which different nutrients are absorbed or broken down.

A scientist who studies the affect of a change in temperature on the function of the human heart is most likely a _________?

Physiologist

Examining the superficial anatomical markings and internal body structures as they relate to the surface of the skin is called_______?

Surface anatomist

The study of body cells and the cells internal structures is called ________?

Cytology

The study of tissues is called _____?

Histology

Which of the following examines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system?

Neurophysiology

The study of structural changes that occur in the body due to disease is _______?

Pathophysiology

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because ______?

Physiological function depends on anatomical structures

Why would studying with a partner be more effective than studying alone?

Have someone to go over the material with to test if you truly know it or not.

What type of plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures?

Transverse

Which directional term would be most appropriate in the sentence: "the elbow is blank to the wrist"

Proximal

Which body cavity is associated with the lung, and what are the names and specific locations of its serous membranes?

The thoracic cavity,

Parietal pleura and visceral pleura. Parietal is on the outside and visceral is the inner wall.

If a physician makes an incision into the abdomen along the midsagittal plane, superior to the umbilicus and just inferior to the thoracic diaphragm, then the skin of the _____________ _____ abdominal pelvic region has been incised.

Epigastric Region

Which organ system is responsible for filtering blood and removing the waste product of the blood in the form of urine.

Urinary system

Which of the following organ systems provides protection, regulates body temperature, synthesis vitamin d, prevents water loss.

Integumentary system

The plane that passes through a structure at an angle is called a _______ plane?

oblique plane

The vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves is called the _______?

Midsagittal plane

Which best describes "superficial"?

On/towards the outside.

Which best describes "distal"?

Towards the end of an appendage

Which best describes "proximal"?

Close to the attachment of an appendage at the trunk

Which directional term mean that away from the midline is ____?

Lateral

Which directional term that means "toward the midline" is ______?

Medial

What does the term axial region refer to?

Head, neck, and trunk

What does the term appendicular refer to?

Appendices, (Arms and legs)

Which of the following regions is located where blood is drawn typically?

Anticubital region

What regions is associated with the heel?

Calcaneal region

What region is located where the wrist are?

Carpal region

What region is located where the elbow is?

Olecranial

Which region is located where the forearm is?

Antibrachial

The primary function of serous fluid appears to be _______?

Lubrication/prevents friction

The pleural cavity describes the _____?

Lungs (space between parietal and visceral pleura)

Forms the heart's external surface?

visceral pericardium

What do you think would happen to your body organs if theres no serous fluid surrounding them?

Breakdown

Describe the names of all the serous membranes of the ventral cavity including the pericardium, pleura, and the peritoneum.

Parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the the serous membrane and forms the inner lining of the sac around the heart. Visceral pericardium covers the external part of the heart.

Parietal pleura, visceral pleura in lungs

Parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum.

List and describe the 3 components of a homeostatic system, and give examples of each in the human body?

Receptor, control center, effector.

Receptor: Retina of the eye, it detects a change in light (stimulus)

Control Center: The pancreas acts as a control center because it releases the hormone insulin in response to an increase of blood glucose.

Effector: Smooth muscles in the wall regulate airway. Salivary glands increase amount of saliva to moisten the mouth.

Which body structure act as a receptor, control center, effectors when the body is regulating temperature.

Receptor: sensory receptors of the skin or hypothalamus

Control center: Hypothalamus

Effector: blood vessels and the sweat glands

What is the main difference between a homeostatic system regulated by negative feedback and one regulated by positive feedback?

Negative feedback tries to get the "normal" homeostatic system back, and the positive feedback stimulus is forced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs.

A blank is the body structure that detects changes in a variable which is a substance or process that is regulated (held in a steady state).

Receptor

A blank is the body structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes.

Control Center

A blank is the body structure that brings about the changes that alter the stimulus.

Effector

On a cold day, sensory nerves in your skin below the surface detect the cold and send the information to the hypothalamus in the brain. The brain determines if the temp is below a set point. If it is, the hypothalamus sends a response to the blood vessels to the skin causing the vessels to constrict to your sweat glands to inactivate them and to the skeletal muscles causing them to shiver. These mechanisms cause the temperature cause the temp of your skin to return to normal.

What is the stimulus?

What structures are the receptors?

What is the control center?

What are the three effectors?

Is this a negative or positive feedback mechanisms?

What is the stimulus? The cold weather sensed by the skin

What structures are the receptors? The sensory nerves and the hypothalamus.

What is the control center? The hypothalamus

What are the three effectors? The sweat glands, blood vessels, skeletal muscles.

Is this a negative or positive feedback mechanisms? Negative

What type of homeostatic mechanism reinforces the stimulus in the same direction until a climatic event occurs?

Positive feedback

ex. Labor, blood clotting

List some examples of disease processes that cause homeostasis to be disrupted.

Diabetes and High blood pressure