Social Psychology Reverse IDs

Vocabulary flashcards covering core social psychology concepts, experiments, biases, group behaviors, and influential psychologists based on lecture notes.

Implicit norms

Unwritten rules for behavior.

Reference Group

A group we conform to, or go along with, because we look up to them.

Social Validation

The phenomenon where people are more likely to donate or act when they see how many people in their neighborhood are donating to something.

Authority

The concept examined in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment.

Philip Zimbardo

Psychologist who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment.

Internalization

When norms of a group are accepted by the person being influenced.

Affect

The psychological state of a person; their feelings or emotions.

Aggression

Any behavior intended to harm someone.

Bystander Intervention

The willingness to assist a person in need of help.

Social Facilitation

Stronger responses on simple or well-known tasks in the presence of others.

Compensatory tasks

Tasks where the product is a result of the average of the group member's work.

Task Behavior

Group behavior that focuses on the work to be done by the group.

Leadership

Characterized by high energy, exceptional intelligence, extreme persistence, expertise, creativity, flexibility, self-confidence, and a yearning to influence others.

Saliency Bias

Focusing on the most apparent causes of a person's behavior.

Stereotype

A generalized, sometimes accurate, belief about a group of people.

Jane Elliott

Devised the controversial Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes experiment.

Explicit norms

Written rules for behavior.

Informational Social Influence

Conforming because we assume they have more information.

Liking

Persuasion principle stating that people prefer to say yes to people they like or are attracted to.

Scarcity

Persuasion principle where customers are more likely to buy something if they think it is in high demand or if stores have a limited stock.

Cults

A structured group defined by a series of rituals and beliefs, often religious.

Softening-up

The principle behind the insulting and physical stress during military 'boot camp'.

Proximity

The principle that people are more attracted to people they see often.

Social Preference

The degree to which a person is liked by his peer group.

Kitty Genovese

Victim of Diffusion of Responsibility in New York in 1964.

Genetic Determinism

Model of helping related to survival of the fittest, stating that we help others to help copies of our genes.

Additive tasks

Tasks where the efforts of each member are pooled to create the product.

Social-Emotional Behavior

Group actions where individuals address the quality of relationships among group members.

Group Polarization

When individual members of a group move towards extreme positions.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency where one's own success is attributed to personal effort while failure is attributed to situational factors.

Prejudice

Unjustifiable and usually negative attitude towards a group and its members.

Ingroups

Social unit an individual views themselves as belonging to.

Implicit Associations Test

A test that helps understand our personal hidden biases.

Solomon Asch

Performed the line experiment to determine the effect group majority has over an individual.

Injunctive norms

Norms that define what should be done.

Robert Cialdini

Psychologist who developed the 6 principles of persuasion.

Reciprocity

The principle where individuals feel obligated to repay the kindness they received.

Indoctrination

Systematically bringing someone into a group.

Deindividuation

When a person loses individual identity while in a group.

Free-Rider Problem

The phenomenon of a group member contributing minimally while gaining the same benefits as the group.

Social Impact

The degree to which a person is noticed in a social group, good or bad.

Relational Aggression

A behavior that is intended to hurt someone by harming his or her relationship with others.

Negative State Relief

Altruism caused by wanting to avoid undesirable feelings.

Evaluation-Apprehension Theory

Idea that when we work in the presence of others, our concern over what they will think can enhance or hinder our performance.

Disjunctive tasks

A task which is measured by the best member.

Groupthink

A phenomenon that tends to occur in situations of high cohesiveness, where the group is fighting against strong external adversaries.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency where people generally assume actions are solely a result of a person's personal characteristics.

Cognitive Dissonance

Discomfort experienced when we notice a conflict between our attitudes and behaviors.

Outgroups

Any group that a person does not see themselves as belonging to.

Cognitive Retraining

A method of reducing prejudiced thought by encouraging the subject to take the prejudiced group's perspective.

Conformity

Changing behavior in order to adhere to social norms or other's behaviors.

Descriptive norms

Norms that define what most people do.

Mirror Neurons

The neurological reason we reciprocate a yawn after observing someone else perform the action.

Consistency

The persuasion principle behind the foot-in-the-door technique.

Stanley Milgram

Psychologist who studied the effects of authority on obedience.

Stanford Prison Experiment

Experiment that was made to determine the psychology behind guard and prisoner interactions.

Reciprocal Altruism

The idea that people will help friends because they expect that friends will help them.

Sociometric Status

The measurement of a person's position in a social group.

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

The hypothesis that blocking of a desired goal creates anger that may lead to aggression.

Diffusion of Responsibility

When no one does anything to help because they think someone else who is present will.

Social Inhibition

When performance decreases because you are in the presence of others.

Conjunctive tasks

A task which is measured by the weakest member.

Social Loafing

The tendency of some members to take it easy while the others do all of the work.

Kurt Lewin

Psychologist who determined through studies that democratic leadership produced the most beneficial results.

Attitudes

A set of beliefs and feelings about a group or thing.

Discrimination

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.