PNB Exam 3 Module V-1 & 2

ANS control points

ANS vs SNS

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic General Structure

Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic General Properties SLUD

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic General Structure on Spine

Sympathetic Branch

Sympathetic Ganglia types

Adrenal Medulla

Parasympathetic Branch

Do parasympathetic cells and sympathetic pathways innervate the same cells?

Yes, they just have different NT’s to cause different effects.

How many synapses are present in a target cell pathway thats innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Agonists/Antagonists

Nicotinic Receptors

Muscarinic Receptors

Adrenergic Receptors

Adrenergic Subtypes

Barorecepetor Reflex

Pupil diameter pathway

Lens Accomodation

Micturition Reflex

3 Types of Dual Innervation

2. Complementary — Different effects that contribute to the same function

Both systems contribute to the same overall process, but in different ways.

Example: Salivation

• Parasympathetic: Produces large amounts of watery saliva.

• Sympathetic: Promotes a smaller amount of thicker, protein-rich saliva.

3. Cooperative — Different actions that work together to achieve a goal

The two systems perform different but coordinated tasks necessary for an overall function.

Example: Male reproduction

• Parasympathetic: Causes erection by promoting blood flow into erectile tissue.

• Sympathetic: Controls emission and contributes to ejaculation by contracting reproductive ducts and associated smooth muscles.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Stimulus Pipeline, is the brain a super computer

Detection

Electrophysiology

5 Main human sensory receptors

Extero vs Intero Receptors

Simple vs Complex sensory.

Sensitivity of Different Systems

Stimulus Log Compression

Why? The range of environmental stimuli is too great for there to be a linear relationship between stimulus intensity and Ap firing rate

Consequences

Stimulus intensity of 10 = 1 Ap/sec

Stimulus intensity of 100 = 2 Ap/sec

Stimulus intensity of 1000 = 3 Ap/sec

Large Receptive Field

Range Fractionation

Signal To Noise Averaging

Lateral Inhibition

Slow vs Fast Adapting Receptors

Type 1 vs Type 2 Receptive Fields

Mechanoreceptors

Simple Branched Nerve Endings

Merkel’s Disc

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Fast Adapting

Ruffini’s End Organs

Slow adapting

Krause’s Bulb

Pacinian Corpuscle

Fast Adapting, Deep.

Mechanoreceptor Type, compare and contrast

Thermoreceptors

Adrenergic Receptor α1-

Gq coupled, smooth muscle construction

Adrenergic Receptor α2

Gi coupled, inhibition of NE secretion

Adrenergic Receptor β1

increased heart rate, heart contractility

Adrenergic Receptor β2

Smooth Muscle Relaxation

Adrenergic Receptor β3

Lipolysis: Breakdown of Fats