Amino Acids as Precursors

Precursor for Dopamine?

Tyrosine

Precursor for Epinephrine?

Tyrosine

Precursor for Norephinephrine?

Tyrosine

Precursor for Thyroxine?

Tyrosine

Precursor for Melanin?

Tyrosine

Precursor for Serotonin?

Tryptophan

Precursor for Melatonin?

Tryptophan

Precursor for Niacin?

Tryptophan

Precursor for Nitric Oxide (NO)?

Arginine

Precursor for Histamine?

Histidine

Precursor for y-aminobutyrate (GABA)

Glutamate

Precursor for Creatine?

Glycine

What are the cofactors that are importnat in Amino Acid synthesis?

• Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

• tetrahydrobiopterin

• S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)

• Vitamin C

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What cofactor is needed to convert Dopa to Dopamine?

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What cofactor is needed to convert 5-hydroxytryptophan to Serotonin?

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What cofactor is needed to convert Glutamate to GABA?

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What cofactor is needed to convert Histidine to Histamine?

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

What Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is used in a decarboxylation reaction, what is released?

CO2

What cofactor is needed to convert Phenylalnine to Tyrosine?

Tetrahydrobiopterin

What cofactor is needed to convert tyrosine to DOPA?

Tetrahydrobiopterin = BH4

What enzyme converts BH2 to BH4?

dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)

What cofactor is needed to convert tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan?

Tetrahydrobiopterin

What is the inactive form of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)?

BH2

What cofactor is required to convert Norepinephrine to Epinephrine?

SAM

What cofactor is required to convert N-acetlserotonin to Malatonin?

SAM

What cofactor is required to convert Dopamine to Norephinephrine?

Vitamin C

What amino acid is used to synthesize thyroid harmones?

Tyrosine

Which harmone exclusively uses iodine?

Thyroid Harmone (T3/T4)

What is the thyroid structure?

• 2 tyrosines binded together with 3 or 4 iodines attached