EAB 4184 Exam 1 - Behaviorism in Contemporary Society (Dallery) Flashcards | Quizlet

Motivating Operations (MO)

A condition that temporarily alters the value of a reinforcer and increases or decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Establishing Operation (EO)

Increases the value of a consequence

Abolishing Operation (AO)

Decreases the value of a consequence

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

A stimulus that signals that reinforcement or punishment is available.

S-delta (SΔ)

An antecedent stimulus that signals the unavailability of reinforcement for a particular behavior

Response Class

A group of behaviors that serve the same function (ie, produce the same consequence)

Stimulus Control

A behavior is emitted more frequently in the presence of a specific antecedent stimulus (or class of stimuli) because that stimulus has been consistently correlated with reinforcement (or punishment) for that behavior in the past.

Rule-Governed Behavior

Behavior controlled by verbal statements about contingencies, rather than by direct contact with those contingencies.

Pliance

Rule-following controlled by social consequences

Tracking

Rule-following governed by a history of correspondence between the rule and the natural contingencies

Temporal (Delay) Discounting

The process by which the value of a consequence decreases as the delay to its occurrence increases

Probability Discounting

The process by which the value of a consequence decreases with its uncertainty

PIC/NIC Analysis

A model for classifying consequences by their valence (positive/negative), immediacy (immediate/future), and certainty (certain/uncertain)

Generalized Imitation

The tendency of an individual to imitate a wide range of novel behaviors demonstrated by others, even when those specific behaviors have not been directly reinforced (Rooted in operant learning)

Operant Conditioning vs Respondent Conditioning

Operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors learned through their consequences (reinforcement or punishment), whereas respondent conditioning involves involuntary reflexes learned through the pairing of stimuli.

Verbal Behavior

Operant behavior that requires the presence of another person for its reinforcement

Mand

A verbal response that specifies its own reinforcer Ex. "Give me water"

Tact

A verbal response whose form is evoked by an object, event, or property of an object or event Ex. "That's a dog"

Intraverbal

Occasioned by prior verbal stimulus, reinforced socially Ex. "2, 4, 6" → "8"

EATM MOE PI

EATM = Examine and Analyze the Terms Meaning → Translate the mentalism into operant behavior (or reflexive, respondent behavior); MOE = Use a selectionistic Mode Of Explanation → Consider natural and operant selection, BA principles; PI = Consider Practical Implications

Mentalism

Inventing inner, non-physical causes of behavior or using a description of behavior as an explanation for the behavior Keyword: Because

Private events

A natural, physical event that is only observable by the person experiencing it (occurs inside the skin)

Susceptibilities (Skinner)

Biological predispositions for the reinforcing value of certain substances and activities, arising via natural selection i.e., evolution.

The "uncommitted"

Skinner's response to the question of who "we" are: Those not under contingency control of institutional survival or aggrandizement.

Five factors associated with collapse

1. Environmental damage, 2. Climate change, 3. Hostile neighbors, 4. Loss of trade partners, 5. Political/social responses to challenges