502 Unit 2 terms

Problem Statement

description of gaps in current knowledge

Purpose statement

why and how they are completing study

Research Question

guide for developing study design and how you will carry them out

Literature Review

Written summary that describes topic, and justification for problem and purpose statements

Primary source

original account

Secondary source

1 step away from the original source (report)

Tertiary source

systematic review or critical analysis of original sources

Philosophy

subjective beliefs; guide theory

concept

symbolic representation of observable or experienced event

Construct

Not directly observed or experienced, comprised of a set of concepts

Relationships

association of 2 or more constructs/concepts

Proposition

give structure and governance to set of relationships

Theory

Explain phenomenon; verifiable, testable, and can lead to predictions

Level 1 research questions

descriptive purpose; most often non-experimental

• What are…?

• What is…?

Level 2 research question

explanatory or exploratory purpose; relational/ correlation

• What is the relationship (between 2 or more variables) …?

Level 3 research question

predictive intent within research question; investigate cause and effect

• To what extent…?

• Is there a difference in…?

PICO

P = patient, population, or problem

I = Intervention or independent variable

C = comparison

O = Outcome or dependent variable

Alternative Hypothesis

specifies relationship between variables that is not caused by chance

(AKA research hypothesis)

Directional alternative hypothesis

What is going to happen

Non-directional alternative hypothesis

There will be a relationship between variables

Operationalizing

developing concrete method of defining abstract idea

Variable

quantitative operation definition to which numerical values assigned

Independent variable

variable thought to influence the outcome in a hypothesized relationship between variables.

Cause

Intervening variable

confounding variable

Dependent variable

outcome variable in a hypothesized relationship between 2 or more variables

effect

Subject

sample in quantitative research

Participant

sample in Qualitative research

often found in OT lit.

Informant

specific designation for sample that provide background information. are not included in study

Respondent

describes individuals who answer surveys, questionnaires, or structured interviews

Stakeholder

anyone with a stake in the research

population

large group of individuals to be studied

Target population

a group of individuals from whom the sample is selected

Sample

smaller subset of the population that takes part in the study

Probability sampling

every member has the same probability of being selected for sample

simple random sampling

same probability of being selected

systematic sampling

determined set of choosing selection

Stratified random sampling

fitting the sample that matches strata of population

Cluster sampling

groups or programs, rather than individuals, are selected , and every member of that group is invited to participate

Convenience Sample

taking everyone who meets criteria and agrees

purposive sampling

deliberate selection of individuals based on certain predetermined criteria

snowball/network sampling

participants recruit their network to participate

Quota sampling

fit the population in real-life, similar to stratified

sampling error

the difference between the values obtained from the sample and the values that actually exist in the population

Systematic error

consistent or predictable error