CDI445 Final11

What is the SLP’s role in literacy?

SLPs play a critical and direct role in supporting literacy development, especially for children and adolescents with communication disorders.

According to ASHA, do SLPs have a role in reading and writing development?

Yes. ASHA states that SLPs play a critical and direct role in literacy development.

Who do SLPs support in literacy development?

Children and adolescents with communication disorders, including those with severe or multiple disabilities.

How do SLPs contribute to school literacy efforts?

They collaborate with other professionals and support literacy efforts across schools or communities.

Why are SLPs involved in literacy?

Spoken language provides the foundation for reading and writing.

What is the relationship between spoken and written language?

Spoken and written language have a reciprocal relationship, meaning each one supports and builds on the other.

What can happen when a child has spoken language problems?

The child may also have difficulty learning to read and write.

What can happen when a child has reading and writing problems?

The child may also have difficulty with spoken language.

Can instruction in spoken language improve written language?

Yes. Instruction in spoken language can support growth in written language.

Can instruction in written language improve spoken language?

Yes. Instruction in written language can support growth in spoken language.

What are early literacy concepts?

Early literacy concepts are foundational skills that support future reading and writing.

What early literacy concepts can SLPs target?

Phonological awareness, print concepts, alphabet awareness, oral language skills, and emergent writing.

What is phonological awareness?

The ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound parts of spoken language.

What skills are part of phonological awareness?

Word awareness, rhyming, counting syllables, breaking words into sounds, and decoding.

What is word awareness?

Understanding that sentences are made up of individual words.

What is rhyming?

Recognizing or producing words that have the same ending sounds, such as cat and hat.

What does counting syllables help children understand?

That words can be broken into smaller sound parts.

What does it mean to break words into sounds?

It means identifying the individual sounds, or phonemes, in a word.

What is decoding?

Using knowledge of sounds and letters to read words.

What are print concepts?

Understanding how print works and what print is used for.

What is alphabet awareness?

Knowledge of letters and their names.

What are examples of print concepts?

Understanding reading direction, book orientation, and the function of print.

What does reading direction mean?

Knowing the direction print is read, such as left to right in English.

What does book orientation mean?

Knowing how to hold a book correctly and where to begin reading.

What does understanding the function of print mean?

Knowing that print carries meaning.

What are examples of alphabet awareness?

Knowing letter names and recognizing letters.

Why are oral language skills important for literacy?

Oral language supports vocabulary, comprehension, reading, and writing development.

How can SLPs promote oral language skills for literacy?

By creating enriched language environments with opportunities to learn more advanced vocabulary.

What is an enriched oral language environment?

An environment where children hear and use rich vocabulary, explanations, stories, and conversations.

What is emergent writing?

Early attempts at writing before conventional writing is fully developed.

What are examples of emergent writing?

Scribbling, drawing, pretending to write, forming letters, and beginning letter development.

How can SLPs support emergent writing?

By encouraging children’s attempts to write and helping them move toward letter development.

Why can SLPs help before a child learns to read?

SLPs understand language and can support early skills that impact future reading and writing.

What stance do SLPs often use when teaching early literacy concepts?

A collaborative and preventative stance.

Where can early literacy concepts be taught?

In preschool classrooms, therapy sessions, and everyday routines.

What are embedded interventions?

Interventions that enhance early literacy skills through meaningful activities and interactions.

What are examples of embedded interventions?

Storybook reading, dramatic play, and center-time activities.

What is storybook reading?

Using books to support language, vocabulary, print awareness, comprehension, and early literacy skills.

What is dramatic play?

Pretend play that supports language, storytelling, vocabulary, and social interaction.

What are center-time activities?

Classroom activities where literacy skills can be practiced through play and interaction.

What are explicit interventions?

Structured, sequenced, adult-directed instruction on early literacy concepts.

What are examples of explicit interventions?

Practicing writing letters, writing plays, discussing story structure, and using songs.

Do children benefit more from embedded or explicit interventions?

Children learn best from exposure to both embedded and explicit interventions.

What happens to literacy once children begin school?

Literacy becomes embedded into the learning process.

What literacy skills are needed for school success?

Phonological awareness, spelling, reading, and writing.

Why is phonological awareness important for school-aged children?

It supports decoding, spelling, and reading development.

Why is spelling important for literacy?

Spelling reflects knowledge of sounds, word parts, sight words, and written patterns.

Why is reading important for academic success?

Students use reading to learn information, understand texts, and complete school tasks.

Why is writing important for academic success?

Students use writing to express ideas, organize information, and demonstrate learning.

What assessment can be used for phonological awareness in kindergarten through 3rd grade?

Test of Phonological Awareness, 2nd Edition.

What does TOPA-2 assess?

Phonological awareness skills.

What assessment can be used for phonological processing from ages 4:0 to 24:11?

Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, 2nd Edition.

What does CTOPP-2 assess?

Phonological processing skills.

What phonological awareness skills may be targeted in intervention?

Decoding, letter-sound relationships, segmenting words, and rhyming.

What are letter-sound relationships?

Understanding which sounds are connected to specific letters.

What does segmenting words mean?

Breaking words into smaller sound parts.

What assessment can be used for spelling from 2nd grade through adulthood?

Spelling Performance Evaluation for Language and Literacy, 2nd Edition.

What assessment can be used for spelling and word identification from ages 7:0 to 18:11?

Word Identification and Spelling Test.

What spelling-related skills may be targeted in intervention?

Phonological awareness, morphological awareness, sight words, and orthographic knowledge.

What is morphological awareness?

Understanding word parts that carry meaning, such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

What are sight words?

Words students recognize automatically without needing to decode each sound.

What is orthographic knowledge?

Knowledge of spelling patterns and the way words are written.

What assessment can be used to measure oral reading from ages 6:0 to 23:11?

Gray Oral Reading Tests, 5th Edition.

What assessment can be used for reading from ages 6:0 to 79:11?

Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests, 3rd Edition.

What reading skills may be targeted in intervention?

Comprehension, fluency, critical thinking, inferencing, and summarization.

What is reading comprehension?

Understanding what is read.

What is reading fluency?

Reading with accuracy, appropriate speed, and expression.

What is inferencing?

Using clues from the text and background knowledge to understand information that is not directly stated.

What is summarization?

Identifying and explaining the most important information from a text.

Why is critical thinking important in reading?

It helps students analyze, evaluate, and understand deeper meaning in text.

What assessment can be used for written language from ages 9:0 to 17:11?

Test of Written Language, 4th Edition.

What written expression assessment can be used from ages 3:0 to 21:11?

Oral and Written Language Scales II: Written Expression Scale.

What writing skills may be targeted in intervention?

Spelling, punctuation, syntax, organization, and planning.

Why is syntax important in writing?

Syntax helps students create clear and grammatically correct sentences.

Why is organization important in writing?

Organization helps students arrange ideas clearly and logically.

Why is planning important in writing?

Planning helps students organize thoughts before writing.

What literacy program is mentioned as evidence-based practice in the PowerPoint?

The Barton Reading and Writing System.

When was the Barton Reading and Writing System created?

1998.

Who was the Barton Reading and Writing System created for?

Students with dyslexia.

What approach does the Barton Reading and Writing System follow?

The Orton-Gillingham Approach.

How does the Barton system teach literacy?

It uses direct, explicit, multisensory, structured, sequential, diagnostic, and prescriptive instruction.

Is the Barton Reading and Writing System short or long?

It is a long and intense program.

How long can it take students to complete all 10 levels of Barton?

About 2–4 years with twice-weekly sessions.

What technology can help children who struggle with spelling?

Speech-to-text applications.

What is an example of speech recognition software?

Dragon Speech Recognition Software.

How can speech-to-text help students?

It allows students who struggle with spelling or writing mechanics to express ideas verbally and convert speech into written text.

What technology can help children organize their thoughts for writing?

Graphic organizers.

What is an example of a graphic organizer tool?

Mind Master.

How do graphic organizers help with writing?

They help students organize ideas before writing.

What are the four school-aged literacy areas from the PowerPoint?

Phonological awareness, spelling, reading, and writing.

Which literacy skill involves manipulating sounds in speech?

Phonological awareness.

Which literacy skill involves letter names and reading direction?

Print concepts and alphabet awareness.

Which early literacy skill involves rich vocabulary and language exposure?

Oral language skills.

Which early literacy skill involves scribbling, drawing, and letter development?

Emergent writing.

Which intervention uses meaningful activities like storybook reading and dramatic play?

Embedded intervention.

Which intervention uses structured, adult-directed instruction?

Explicit intervention.

What should children be exposed to for best literacy learning?

Both embedded and explicit interventions.

Which reading skill means understanding the text?

Comprehension.

Which reading skill means reading smoothly and accurately?

Fluency.

Which writing skill helps students arrange ideas clearly?

Organization.