Medterm Pulmonology Chapter 10

Pulmonology

the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system and chest cavity

What do pulmonologists treat?

cancer, infections, diseases, and injuries of the lung and pleura

What do thoracic surgeons treat?

surgically treat conditions of the lungs and thoracic cavity

What do respiratory therapist do?

work with doctors to provide therapeutic respiratory care.

What must the body’s cells have to produce energy?

All of the body’s cells must have a constant oxygen supply to produce energy.

How does oxygen travel once inhaled?

–Oxygen passes into the bloodstream.

–The blood delivers the oxygen to the cells.

–The blood picks up carbon dioxide waste.

–Carbon dioxide passes into the lungs and is removed from the body (exhalation or expiration).”

What is the trachea?

Tube that carries air from the throat into the chest cavity. Also called the windpipe

What are the two divisions of the trachea?

The right primary bronchus which serves the right lung and the left primary bronchus which serves the left lung

What does the bronchi subdivide into in the lungs?

Secondary and tertiary bronchi and then into the bronchioles

What is found at the end of the bronchioles?

Alveoli

What is an alveolus?

A thin-walled air sac where oxygen exchange occurs. Capillaries surround the alveoli and gases cross thin alveoli and capillary walls

Where are the bronchioles and alveoli found?

Lungs which are in the thoracic cavity

Lung function

To carry air to and from the alveoli

What is the structure of the lungs?

–The right lung has 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior).

–The left lung has 2 lobes (superior and inferior).

—The pleura is a double-layered membrane that forms a protective sac around the lungs.

What are the layers of the pleura?

Parietal pleura which lines the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleura which covers the lungs

Why are there folds in the pleura?

Create a space between the two layers known as the pleural cavity

aer/o

air

alveol/o

alveolus

Bronch/o

bronchus

bronchi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

hal/o

to breathe

lob/o

lobe

mediastin/o

mediastinum

ox/i

oxygen

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

lung air

pneumon/o

lung

pulmon/o

lung

spir/o

breathing

thorac/o

chest

trache/o

trachea

tuss/o

cough

angi/o

vessel

arteri/o

artery

atel/o

incomplete

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

cyt/o

cell

embol/o

plug

fibr/o

fibrous

hem/o

blood

orth/o

straight

py/o

puss

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ar, -ary, -atic

pertaining to

-centesis

puncture to withdraw fluid

-dynia

pain

-ectasis

dilated

-ectomy

surgical removal

-genic

producing

-gram

a record

-graphy

process of recording

-graph

instrument for recording

-ia

condition

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-otomy

cutting into

-oxia

oxygen

-plasty

surgical repair

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-spasm

involuntary muscle contraction

-thorax

chest

a-

without

an-

without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

endo-

within, inner

eu-

normal, good

ex-

outward

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

below, insufficient

in-

inward

tachy-

fast

alveolar

pertaining to the alveolus

bronchoscope

instrument for viewing the bronchus

bronchospasm

involuntary muscle contraction of the bronchus

bronchiole

small bronchus

bronchiectasis

dilated bronchus

bronchiolar

pertaining to a bronchiole

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

cyanosis

abnormal condition of being blue

diaphragmatic

pertaining to the diaphragm

lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe

mediastinal

pertaining to the mediastinum

mediastinotomy

cutting into the mediastinum

orthopnea

breating straight

oximeter

instrument for measuring oxygen

oximetry

process of measuring oxygen