Chapter 15 - Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance also Chapter 16

Mitochondrial Gene Inheritance Pattern

mitochondrial genome is inherited exclusively from the mother (sperm cells do not have mitochondria and mitochondria in the egg cells contains genetic information)

Describe why particular alleles of two different genes would not assort independently

linked genes will be found close together on the chromosome and particular alleles of those two different genes tend to be inherited together (found in same gamete)

x inactivation

one of two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated and remains coiled as a Barr body

x inactivation in a heterozygous female

if a female is heterozygous for a sex-linked trait, about half of her cells will express one allele, while the others will express the alternate allele

Explain how a mating experiment can be designed to reflect recombinants from just one parent

we ensure that one of the two parents is heterozygous for all of the genes we are interested in, and the other parent is homozygous recessive

parental types

offspring that are expected to inherit a phenotype that matches either of the parental phenotypes

Griffith's experiment

an experiment carried out by Griffith using the heat-killed bacteria in mice to discover that a factor in heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria can "transform" harmless bacteria into ones that can cause disease