force and motion

Applied Force

Force applied to an object by a person or another object.

Gravitational Force

The force of attraction between objects with mass, pulling them toward the center of the Earth.

Normal Force

The support force exerted upon an object in contact with another stable object.

Frictional Force

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact, which can be static or kinetic.

Tension Force

The force transmitted through a string, rope, cable, or wire when it is pulled tight.

Air Resistance

The force acting opposite to the relative motion of an object moving through air.

Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.

Newton's Second Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Displacement

The change in position of an object, which is a vector quantity.

Velocity

The rate at which an object changes its position, including speed and direction.

Acceleration

The rate at which an object changes its velocity, also a vector quantity.

Linear Motion

Motion in a straight line.

Projectile Motion

Motion of an object thrown into the air, subject to acceleration due to gravity.

Circular Motion

Motion along a circular path, requiring a centripetal force to maintain the path.

Momentum

A measure of the mass in motion, calculated as p = mv.

Impulse

The change in momentum of an object, calculated as J = FΔt.

Conservation of Momentum

In a closed system, total momentum remains constant if no external forces act on it.