EBM sec 2 kahoot review questions

which of the following measures decrease inter-rater reliability

1. single evaluator

2. multiple sites

3. evaluating data at various labs

4. training sessions for evaluators

2 and 3

what does it mean when investigators reject the null hypothesis

the difference between A and B is statistically significant

in study X, power is not met and there is no statistically significant difference found between the treatment groups for the primary outcome measure (p=0.76, alpha 0.05). what is the most appropriate conclusion

no conclusion can be made

a new cancer therapy was approved. based on clinical trials, the response for the new therapy is 90%. the standard therapy has a 70% response rate. what is the relative risk of the new therapy compared to standard

1.29

what is the preferred population to analyze for NI trials

per protocol

what can you say about a test drug in a noninferiority trial in which the upper bound of the CI does NOT cross the NI margin

the test drug is non inferior to reference/control

the results showed the mean time to first acute exacerbation of COPD in days was 266 days for azithromycin and 174 days for placebo. p=0.001, alpha=0.05

should you reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis

reject the null hypothesis

a study determined 1130 patients would provide a 90% power

what is beta

10% or 0.1

which of the following focuses on if observations can be correctly attributed to treatment: internal or external validity

internal validity

which of the following is a strategy by investigators to reduce the effect of bias

a. interventional design

b. peer review

c. institutional review board

d. randomization

d. randomization

what is power

probability of finding a difference if one exists

a study determined 1130 patients would provide a 90% power. patients were randomized into groups: 570 patients in treatment group and 572 patients in the placebo group

was power met

yes

recording the average of three blood pressure readings take on a calibrated BP cuff by a certified technician is a strategy to minimize this type of bias

measurement bias

which type of bias is described as differences between groups in the number of drop-outs or exclusions

attrition bias

in a study where power was met but no statistical difference was shown, which is an appropriate conclusion

a. one treatment is not superior to the other

b. a treatment difference between groups exists

c. no conclusion can be made

a. one treatment is not superior to the other

163 individuals in each group were needed for an 85% power. 434 patients were included in the primary efficacy analysis

is power a strength or limitation

strength

which is not a 10 major

a. power

b. dosing

c. funding

d. statistical test

c. funding

in a study, power is not met and there is no statistically significant difference found between the treatment groups

which type of error potentially exists in study X

type II

a prospective, observational study used to observe changes in the incidence of constipation and diarrhea associated with IBS in patient using OTC medications compared to those taking no medications. what is the level of evidence

level 3

a study found a 95% CI (0.8-5.7) when examining a difference in time to first acute exacerbation of COPD. is the data statistically significant

yes

a group of investigators systematically identifies all published and non-published trials looking at bupropion and venlafaxine and conducts a review that combines the results to produce new data by conducting statistical analysis allowing for larger sample size. is this:

a. observational trial

b. narrative review

c. systematic review

d. meta analysis

d. meta analysis

a study found a CI of (-2.5, 12) for difference between groups in time to resolution of COPD exacerbations

is this statistically significant

no

article 1: level II trial that showed a statistically significant improvement in genital warts

article 2: report of several anecdotal stories that says drug appears to alleviate symptoms

article 3: a level III trial finds no difference but didn't set power

would you recommend the drug

yes

a new cancer therapy was approved. based on clinical trials, the response for the new therapy is 90%. the standard therapy has a 70% response rate. what is the number needed to treat

5

which is not a surrogate marker

a. LDL-C

b. stroke

c. A1c

d. BP

b. stroke

quality of life is an example of

a. patient oriented evidence

b. disease oriented evidence

a. patient oriented evidence