AP Bio Unit 2

What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

What do prokaryotic cells possess instead of a nucleus?

A nucleoid

How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?

Binary fission

How do eukaryotic cells reproduce?

Mitosis

What fluid makes up the nucleus?

Nucleoplasm

What is a trait that the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum share?

They are continuous with one another

What is the mitochondria made of?

Mostly lipids

What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Synthesizes lipids and processes carbohydrates

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

Uses ribosomes to synthesize proteins

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Modifies and sorts proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

What do lysosomes do?

Digest excess products from the cell or break down organelles that no longer serve a function

What do peroxisomes do?

Isolate hydrogen peroxide and turn it into water and oxygen

Why does water use the process of osmosis?

To travel through the cell membrane

What is required for ions to move against the electrochemical gradient?

Energy

What is the electrochemical gradient?

The combined concentration and electrical gradient