Experimental Methods ch5

dependent variable

variable that’s measured in an experiment

scales of measurement

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

nominal scale

QUALITATIVE, non-ordered categorical response

ordinal scale

QUALITATIVE; response categories NOT assumed to be equally spaced

interval scale

CONTINUOUS; numerical response values with anchors to give numbers meaning

ratio scale

CONTINUOUS; scores are ratios of each other with 0 usually being the lowest score

what’s an exeption to the 0 lowest rule of ratio score

farenheit (TEMPERATURE)=interval

construct validity

the measure is accirate in measuring what it’s supposed to measure

nonverbal scale

pictorial response categories, popular with kids & patients

face validity

the scale measures what you think it does at face value

inter-observer/inter-rater reliability

how consistently observers observe the data compared with one another

presence/absence (bivalent) IV manipulation

level with treatment and a level without treatment: SIMPLEST

type manipulation of IV

different types of treatment

amount manipulation of IV

each level has a different amount of the treatment

which IV manipulation is also called dose-response effects?

amount

quasi-independent variable

group comparisons of people without direct manipulation

another term for quasi-independent variable is

subject variable

internal validity

extent to which confounding variables are removed

external validity

extent to which study applies to ppl and behaviors outside the study

what lowers external validity

attrition and mortality

hawthorne effect

ppl behave differently when they know they’re being watched (factory lights and workers)

social desirability bias affects _____ studies

surveys/self-reports