SST30-1: Unit Review - Individualism vs Collectivism

Individualism

Belief system prioritizing individual freedom, self-reliance, and personal independence.

Rule of Law

The principle that everyone, including the government, must follow the law.

Economic Freedom

The freedom to buy, sell, and trade goods, services, and labor without government interference.

Private Property

Property, land, and resources owned by individuals or corporations rather than the government.

Individual Rights

Key personal freedoms and protections belonging to each person in a society.

Competition

The economic rivalry among producers to offer good products at affordable prices.

Self-Interest

Acting for personal gain, which drives economic choices and motivation.

Collectivism

Belief system prioritizing group goals, social responsibility, and collective needs over the individual.

Economic Equality

The collectivist goal of equal wealth distribution, often emphasizing equality of outcome.

Co-operation

People working together toward common goals rather than competing.

Public Property

Property, land, and resources owned by the state or community for shared use.

Collective Interest

Goals, needs, and interests shared by a group as a whole.

Collective Responsibility

Holding the whole group accountable for the actions of its individuals, and vice versa.

Adherence to Collective Norms

Following the rules, standards, and behavioral expectations of the group.

Ideology

Your belief in how the world should work, shaped by culture, family, religion, and media.

Role of Government

The extent of government control or intervention in the economy, politics, and society.

Rights and Freedoms

Legal, political, and human entitlements guaranteed to individuals in a society.

Spectrum of Change

A continuum showing how individuals respond to change, ranging from radical to reactionary.

Radical

Extreme left on the spectrum; wants immediate change and is willing to use violence.

Liberal

Left side of the spectrum; favors peaceful, legal reform and progress.

Moderate

Center of the spectrum; accepts gradual, balanced change.

Conservative

Right side of the spectrum; prefers maintaining tradition and resisting rapid change.

Reactionary

Extreme right; wants to undo recent changes, return to the "good old days," and is willing to use violence.

Dissent

Disagreement with official policies, established laws, or authority.

Authoritarian/Absolute Rule

System where power is concentrated in a strong central authority with strict control over citizens.

Anarchist

An individual who rejects all formal government authority and social control.

Capitalism

Free-market economic system based on private enterprise, price systems, and minimal regulation.

Socialism

Economic system featuring government intervention, public enterprise, and safety-net services to promote equality.

Communism

Extreme left system with high state control over the economy, aiming for a classless society where resources are collectively owned.

Democratic Capitalism

System combining a democratic government with free-market economic freedom.

Democratic Socialism

System combining democratic political processes with socialist economic programs funded by taxes.

Fascism

Extreme right political system combining total government control with anti-democratic leadership.

Karl Marx

Thinker who argued capitalism exploits workers and called for a violent proletarian revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a classless society.

Hobbes

Thinker who argued that humans require strong central authority to prevent chaos and maintain order.

Locke

Thinker who advocated for natural rights and government based on the consent of the governed.

Rousseau

Thinker who believed humans are naturally good but corrupted by society, advocating for rule by collective interest.

Egalitarian

Believing in equal rights, equal status, and equality of outcome.

Authoritarian

Demanding strict submission to authority and limiting political freedoms.

Fascists

Followers of an extreme right ideology that enforces absolute political control and total obedience.

Progressive

Favoring social reform, equality, and modern political change.

Progressive Reforms

Legal or social changes implemented to improve conditions in society.

Social Democracy

A political approach using democratic processes to manage a mixed economy with social safety nets.

Retrogressive

Opposing progress and moving backward toward earlier conditions.

Tenet

A central principle or belief of a political or social ideology.

Classical Conservative

Ideology that reacted against early liberalism by favoring traditional order, authority, and social hierarchy.

Subsidies

Government payments provided to support specific economic sectors or businesses.

Liberalism

Ideology focused on individual rights, liberties, and consent of the governed.

Fiscal

Matters relating to government revenue, taxation, and financial policy.

Progressive Taxation

A tax model where higher incomes pay a higher percentage in taxes to fund government programs.

Anarchy

A state of society completely without government control or enforcing laws.

Stimulate

To encourage or boost economic activity through government action or spending.