Ag plant microbiomes

Endophyte

Microbes living within plant tissues.

Phyloplane vs. Phyllosphere

Phyloplane is on the surface; phyllosphere is living proximally.

Rhizosphere

Proximal region to the root surface using exudates to recruit symbionts.

Xylem

Vascular tissue used by root endophytes to spread through the plant.

Plant Microbiome Composition Drivers

Plant compartment, species, age, health, climate, and immune system.

16S rDNA Profile

A method used for counting bacteria using their 16S rDNA gene.

Flavonoids in Rhizosphere

Plant compounds secreted into the rhizosphere and taken up by bacteria.

Nodulation Process

NodD produces Nod factors that change root hairs to form nitrogen-fixing nodules.

Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)

A bacterial phytohormone that increases root surface area to improve nutrient access.

Induced Systemic Tolerance (IST)

Plant drought-resistance and reduced oxidative stress elicited by phytohormones or volatiles.

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixers

Bacteria such as Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Frankia.

Biocontrol Products

Microbial products used for plant protection against diseases and pests.

Biofertilizers

Applied microbial communities that improve macro- and micro-nutrient availability.

Biostimulants

Products that do not provide nutrients directly but induce physiological growth traits.

Synthetic Communities (Syncoms)

Combinations of indigenous and exogenous bacteria exhibiting positive plant synergies.

Transplant Microbiomes

Sourcing microorganisms from wild relatives or harsher sites to increase seedling survival.