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Autocrine
Cell signals its own receptors
Juxtacrine
Signaling between connected/touching cells
Paracrine
Signaling between adjacent/nearby cells
Endocrine
Signaling between distant cells; travels through the bloodstream
Reception
Signal molecule binds to a receptor (puzzle pieces) → receptor may change shape
Transduction
Receptor is activated → signal transduction pathway amplifies the original signal
Response
Signal triggers a cellular action (ex: gene expression, activating enzymes, cell division)
Ligand
Signal molecule that binds to a receptor; smaller
Receptor
Allows signal molecules to bind; located within the cell & cell membrane; often changes shape for better fit