Mammals Of the World #4

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of Shrews.

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae

*-two condyles on condyloid process of lower jaw

*-no zygomatic arch

*-no ossified auditory bullae

-upper incisors hooked and large with cusp at base

-colored teeth (but not always)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of Moles

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae

-highly modified manus for fossorial lifestyle

*-complete zygomatic arch

*-auditory bullae present

-simple incisors

*-Large elongated claws

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of Flying Fox bats

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Chiroptera, Pteropodidae

*-(does not echolocate)

*-post-orbital process present

*-second digit of forelimb relatively free of third digit and usually clawed

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of leaf-nosed bats

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae

*-(echolocate)

*-leaf nose present

*-skull is very diverse but always has a closed (unseparated) premaxilla

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of free-tailed bats

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Chiroptera, Molossidae

*-(echolocate)

*-tail extends past uropatagium

*-skull can have either open (separated) or closed (unseparated) premaxilla

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of common bats

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae

*-(echolocate)

*-has well developed tragus

*-premaxilla is always open (separated)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Family of pangolins

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Pholidota, Manidae

*-overlapping keratin scales (armadillos [Dasypodidae] has non-overlapping bone plates covered in scutes)

*-edentate

-no jugal or interparietal bone

*-palate does not extend past the pterygoids (compared to Myrmecophagidae)

List the 6 families WITH an alisphenoid Canal.

-Herpestidae (mongoose)

-Viverridae (civets)

-Canidae (dogs)

-Ursidae (bears)

-Odobenidae (walrus)

-Otariidae (eared seals and sea lions)

List the 6 families WITHOUT an alisphenoid Canal.

-Felidae

-Hyaenidae

-Mephitidae

-Mustelidae

-Procyonidae

-Phocidae

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of cats

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Feliformia, Felidae

*-AC absent

-relatively short rostrum

-carnassials well developed

*-very few cheek teeth (3-4), tiny last upper molar [pay attention to tiny molar on Felidae and Hyaenidae]

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of mongoose

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Feliformia, Herpestidae

*- AC present

*-complete postorbital bar

*-auditory bullae constricted horizontally (compared to Viverridae)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of hyenas (and aardwolves)

Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Feliformia, Hyaenidae

*-AC absent

-very robust skull

*-5 upper cheek teeth, 4 lower cheek teeth (small last molar)

-aardwolves have small peglike cheek teeth for eating termites

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of civets and genets

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Feliformia, Viverridae

*-AC present

*-no postorbital bar (compared to Herpestidae)

*-auditory bullae are constricted diagonally (compared to Herpestidae)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of dogs

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae

*-AC present

-AB not constricted

*-usually 6 or more cheek teeth, last upper molar well developed and transversely elongate (compared to feliforms)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of bears

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Ursidae

*-AC present

*-bunodont cheek teeth

*-large last molar

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of skunks and stink badgers

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Mephitidae

*-No AC present

*-last upper molar is square shaped

*-palate does not extend past tooth row (compared to Mustelidae)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of weasels, ferrets, martens, minks, wolverines, otters, badgers

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Mustelidae

*-No AC present

*-last upper molar is "dumbbell" ("8") shaped

*-palate extends past the tooth row

-mandibular fossa locks condyloid process of dentary (tight temporomandibular joint)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of ringtails and raccoons (and coatis)

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Procyonidae

*-no AC

*-carnassials poorly developed

*-generally 6 cheek teeth

bunodont cheek teeth in racoon

-secodont teeth in ringtail

(pay attention to which dentition type belongs to each)

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of walrus

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Odobenidae

*-AC present

*-upper canines enormous and tusklike

-no lower incisors

-enormous mastoid processes

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of eared seals and sea lions

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Otariidae

*-AC present

*-pinnae present

*-hind limbs capable of forward rotation

*-supraorbital process well developed

*-homodont cheek teeth with one large cusp

Subclass, Infraclass, Clade, Order, Suborder, Family of earless seals and true seals

>Characteristics?

Theria, Eutheria, Laurasiatheria, Carnivora, Caniformia, Phocidae

*-AC absent

*-pinnae absent

*-hind limbs cannot rotate

*-homodont cheek teeth with three longitudinal cusps

>Laurasia