08 - Pseudomonas, Actinobacteria, and uncommon gram-negative bacteria

T

F; Gram-negative

T

T

MTF: Characteristics of pseudomonas species

1.) Ubiquitous

2.) Gram-positive rods

3.) Motile

4.) Aerobic

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. aeruginosa

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. Fluorescens

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. putida

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. monteilii

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. veronii

Fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. mosselii

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. stutzeri

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. mendocino

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. alcaligenes

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. pseudoalcaligenes

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. luteola

Non-fluorescent

Identify if fluorescent or non fluorescent: P. oryzihabitans

T

T/F: Pseudomonas aeruginosa only produce disease in areas with abnormal host defenses

Endogenous

This type of P. aeruginosa acquisition occurs after colonization

Exogenous

This type of P. aeruginosa acquisition occurs from an environmental reservoir

Sweet or grap-like or corn taco-like odor

What is the characteristic odor of P.aeruginosa

37-42C

At what temp does P. aeruginosa grow well in?

Pyoverdine

This P. aeruginosa pigment produces a fluorescent yellow-green

Pyoverdine

This P. aeruginosa pigment produces a fluorescent yellow-green

Pyorubin

This P. aeruginosa pigment produces a dark red hue

Pyomelanin

This P. aeruginosa pigment produces a Brown-black hue

Pili

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure promotes attachment to host epithelial cells

Alginate

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure is responsible for mucoid colonies seen in colonies with cystic fibrosis

LPS

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure has endotoxin properties

Heat-labile Phospholipase C and Heat-stable Glycolipid

Give the 2 extracellular enzymes of P. aeruginosa

Pyocyanin

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure produces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide

IL-8

Pyocyanin stimulates the release of what cytokine?

Pyoverdine

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure binds iron

Type III - Secreted Toxins

This P. aeruginosa antigenic structure causes cell death

Exoenzyme S and T

This P.aeruginosa exoenzyme has GTPase and ADP-ribosyl transferase activity

Exoenzyme U

This P.aeruginosa exoenzyme has phospholipase activity

Exoenzyme Y

This P.aeruginosa exoenzyme has Adenylyl cyclase activity

Ecthyma gangrenosum

This is a hemorrhagic necrosis that is surrounded by erythema and do not contain pus caused by P. aeruginosa

T

T/F: P. aeruginosa grow more slowly than enterics

Extended-spectrum penicillin + Aminoglycoside

Treatment for P.aeruginosa

T

F

T

T

T

F

F

MTF: Characteristic of Burkholderia pseudomallei

1.) Motile

2.) Oxidase (-)

3.) Aerobic

4.) Gram (-)

5.) Indole (-)

6.) Susceptible to Colistin and Gentamicin

7.) Does not ferment carbohydrates

Safety pin appearance

This is the characteristic appearance of B. pseudomallei in wright stain or methylene blue stain

42C

B. pseudomallei grows at what temp?

Mucoid and Smooth → Rough and Wrinkled

Describe the change in colony appearance of B. pseudomallei

Melioidosis

Disease caused by B. pseudomallei

2-3 days

Incubation period B. pseudomallei

Pulmonary (Upper lobe)

Most common organ system implicated in B. pseudomallei

Culture

Diagnostic test for B. pseudomallei

10-14 days with ceftazidime, imipenem, or meropenem

Initial Antimicrobial therapy used for B. pseudomallei

TMP-SMX or doxycycline for 3 months

Eradication therapy for B. pseudomallei

T

F

T

F

MTF: Characteristics of B. mallei

1.) Gram (-)

2.) Oxidase (-)

3.) Aerobic

4.) Motile

Human glanders

This is a highly communicable disease caused by B. mallei

Bronchopneumonia

Clinical findings seen in inhalation of B. mallei

Local suppurative skin leasion with regional lymphadenopathy

Clinical findings of percutaneous exposure of B. mallei

F

T

T

T

MTF: Characteristics of B. cepacia

1.) Grows more quickly than gram-negative rods

2.) Oxidase (+)

3.) Lysine decarboxylase (+)

4.) Produce acid from glucose

Patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease

Vulnerable populations to B. cepacia infection

Carbapenem, TMP-SMX, Chloramphenicol, Minocycline, Ceftazidine, or Ciprofloxacin

Treatment of B. cepacia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

This is a free living gram-negative rod that causes hospital acquired infections in patients receiving broad spectrum antibiotics and immunocompromised patients

TMP-SMX and ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid

Treatment for S. maltophilia

Ammonia-like

Characteristic odor of S. maltophilia

F

T

T

MTF: Characteristics of S. maltophilia

1.) Oxidase (+)

2.) Lysine carboxylase (+)

3.) Oxidizes glucose and maltose

T

F

T

F

T

MTF: Characteristics of Acinetobacter

1.) Catalase (+)

2.) Oxidase (+)

3.) Ubiquitous in nature

4.) Nitrate (+)

5.) Non-lactose fermenter

Acinetobacter baumannii

This is the most commonly isolated species of acinetobacter

35-37C

Medically important Acinetobacter grow best at what temp?

Colistin

In some cases, this is the only possible treatment for Acinetobacter