6. Lipids

Solution

a mixture composed of two or more substances.

Solvent

A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute

Solute

A solute is the substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution

Hypertonic Solution

Has a higher concentration of solute (like sugar or salt) than the cell

Hypotonic Solution

Has a lower concentration of solute (like sugar or salt) than the cell

Isotonic

Has an equal concentration of solute (like sugar or salt) as the cell

If a solution is Isotonic to cell what happens to the water?

It moves back and forth with no Net Movement

If a solution is Hypertonic to cell what happens to the water?

It flows out of the cell into the solution

If a solution is Isotonic to cell what happens to the water?

It flows out of the solution into the cell

Osmosis

Movement of water from high concentration to low across a membrane

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

Phospholipid

The lipid molecule that is a primary component of all cell membranes

What are the parts of the Phospholipid

Head and Tail

Is the Phospholipid head hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

hydrophilic

Is the Phospholipid tail hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

hydrophobic

A cell membrane is made of how many layers of phospholipids?

2; a Bilayer

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

A barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others.

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Grows/Swells, if an animal cell it may burst

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Shrinks/Deflates

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

no net change, the same size

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in a hypotonic solution?

plant cells will swell and may burst, plant cells will bulge but cannot burst due to their cell walls

What solution causes a plant to wilt?

A hypertonic one

Equilibrium

equilibrium is a state of balance within a system where all opposing forces, reactions, or influences perfectly cancel each other out.

What is a mole?

A “dozen” molecules (1 mole = 12 molecules)

What direction does passive transport go?

High to Low

What direction does active transport go?

Low to High

Facilitated Diffusion

moving molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.

Are lipids polar or nonpolar and what is the exception?

Nonpolar except phospholipids

Do Lipids dissolve in water?

No

What is the monomer of the lipid?

Fatty Acid

Saturated fats have what bonds?

Only single bonds between Carbons

What state of matter are saturated fats at room temperature?

Solid (butter)

Saturated fats have what bonds?

single and a few double bonds between Carbons

What state of matter are unsaturated fats at room temperature?

Liquid

What do unsaturated fats lose at every bend (double bond of carbon)

2 Hydrogens

How many hydrogens does a saturated fat have?

Max (2 for each carbon)

Triglycerides

Fats and oils made of Glycerol and 3 other fatty acid chains

How are Triglycerides linked?

Dehydration synthesis

Are Lipids polymers or monomers?

Polymers

What is a phospholipid composed of?

1. A Choline head

2. A phosphate

3. A Glycerol backbone

4. A fatty acid chain

What are steroids made of?

4 fused carbon rings, and non-polar cholesterol

What is the importance of a proper water balance in cells?

So they do not explode or implode