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What are the different INTERNAL defense systems?
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Acute Phase Reactants
Inflammation
Natural Killers
Innate lymphoid cells
What are Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)?
Receptors on PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
MACROPHAGES & DENDRITIC
RECOGNIZE PAMPs
What patterns do PRRs recognize?
Parasite Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
FOUND ON THE PATHOGEN
What occurs when PRR recognizes a PAMP?
ACTIVATION of phagocytic cells (IMMUNE RESPONSE)
What is the main PRR to know?
Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)
What does a TLR do?
Recognizes PAMPs
stimulates CELL SIGNALING
release of CYTOKINES and CHEMOKINES
HELPS ACTIVATE ADAPTIVE
When are Acute-Phase Reactants found most?
After INJURY or INFECTION
INCREASE GREATLY AND RAPIDLY
FOUND IN BLOOD
Which Acute Phase Reactant is most prominent?
C-Reactive Protein
INCREASES QUICKEST (1000x) AND MOST
What do Acute Phase Reactants do?
ENHANCE phagocytosis
mediating contact between microbe and phagocytic cell
LIMIT TISSUE DAMAGE
RECYCLE
What are the 5 SIGNS of INFLAMMATION
HEAT
SWELLING
REDNESS
LOSS OF FUNCTION
PAIN

What is Inflammation?
WBCs going to area of damage/infection
Causes the swelling and redness HIGH ACTIVITY
What enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS
Opsonins
essentially TAG the microorganism
What are the two way in which a pathogen can be killed?
WITH OXYGEN
Oxidative Burst
O2 dependent
produce toxic products using oxygen
WITHOUT OXYGEN
O2 independent
change the pH of the cell, releasing some enzymes that destroy pathogen
What do Natural Killer Cells Target?
TUMOR CELLS and Virally infected cells
How do Natural Killer Cells IDENTIFY bad cells?
ALTERED MHC 1
ALTERED SURFACES
Cell has ANTIBODY coating
What ACTIVATES Natural Killer Cells?
SPECIFIC Cytokines
What do Natural Killer Cells PRODUCE?
Cytokines which bring in T-cells
Where are Innate Lymphoid Cells found primarily?
Mucosal sites