Erikson's Stages (human development)

8 stages

Stage one age and title

Trust

first year of life

Stage one challenge

• infants figuring out if these surroundings are safe or unsafe

• wondering if they can trust the people around them

stage one needs

• need their needs met (to know that their environment is safe)

• consistency and responsivness

stage one ego capacity

• HOPE (for consistency and structure in the future)

• basic sense to not give up

• possible to trust and have loving relationships

Stage two title and age

1-3 years

autonomy (independence) vs shame and doubt

stage two challenge

• can I learn to do things for myself while still having realistic doubts in my abilities

• healthy to have some reservations

• ^^WILL

• self sufficient and independent (toilet training, walking…)

Stage two needs

• opportunity to try things (less enabling from parents)

• freedom with reservations and limits

  • a choice in what they play with or what they wear ect.

  • if it was only freedom they would have an unrealistic sense of abilities

Stage two ego capacity

• WILL

• ego is not fully developed- doubt is still there about their abilities and who they trust

• need “negative” at every stage they cant have autonomy without that shame and doubt (building of ego virtue)

stage three title and age

• 3-6 year

• Initiative vs guilt (purpose)

stage 3 challanges

• can I come up with my own ideas (not just choice anymore) Imagination is present

• can I articulate and make ideas happen

• guilt comes in when they overstep (ex: making a painting, but doing it on the walls)

stage three child’s needs

• encouragement and punishment/ teaching from parents

• validates child but also explains the limits

  • shouldn’t punish the child for the initiative

  • ofer an alternative

stage three ego capacity/virtue

PURPOSE

stage four name and age

industry vs inferiority

6-12

stage four challenges

• can I continue to learn with a healthy sense of inferiority

• confident yet still humble (admits to knowing little)

stage four needs

• ability to learn from failure

• opportunities and encouragement to learn skills

stage four ego virtue

COMPETENCE (ability to resolve their conflicts)

stage 5 age and title

adolescence (12-18)

identity vs identity diffusion (role confusion)

• identity diffusion - lacks cohesive sense of self

stage 5 challenges

• who am i?

• what is my place in the world?

  • pressure to decide

  • physical changes

  • peer pressure

  • identity exploration

stage 5 needs

• stable supporting role models

• time of moratorium

  • moratorium- state of exploration and experimentation

• freedom to self discover

stage 5 ego virtue

LOYALTY

• ability to commit to people/ideas a community or group

stage 6 title and age

young adulthood

intimacy vs isolation

stage 6 challenges

can I share my real self with another person?

stage 6 needs

• needed an encouraging environment to figure out themselves first before they could learn to share

• needed positive and healthy relationship role models

stage 6 ego virtue

LOVE

stage 7 title and age

generativity vs stagnation

middle adulthood

stage 7 challenge

can I contribute instead of just focusing on myself?

• community engagement

• guide next generation

• going beyond oneself

stage 7 needs

need to have resolved the past stages well

• security in their relationships and identity before they can contribute to others

stage 7 ego virtue

CARE

stage 8 title and age

• old age

• integrity vs despair

stage 8 challenges

can I look back without regret?

• life reflection

• was my time meaninful or worthless?

stage 8 need

• to have resolved past stages

• sense of fulfilment

• come to terms with morality

• Validation and Dignity- need for respect and listening ear

stage 8 ego virtue

WISDOM