CSI EXAM 2: Impression Evidence

What type of material are 3D prints made in? 2D Prints?

3D prints: soft dirt

2D prints: hard surfaces

Tire Impression 3 Class Characteristics

1. Tread design

2. Noise treatment

3. Tread-wear bars

Shoe Impression 3 Class Characteristics

1. Size

2. Sole Shape

3. Tread design

Tool Mark Impression 4 Class Characteristics

1. Size

2. Shape

3. Mold variations

4. Extrusion and milling marks from machine

Tire Individual Characteristics

Accidental marks or variations in wear

Shoe Individual Characteristics

Individualization occurs through a combination of accidental damage and wear/tear

Human foot is made of how many bones?

26

3 Different Areas of the foot

1. Forefoot (front/toes)

2. Mid foot

3. Hind foot (back/ankle)

The Forefoot bones

5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges

The forefoot contributes to mobility by…(3)

1. Allowing more flexibility

2. Helping the foot adapt to uneven surfaces

3. Providing leverage for propulsion

Phalanges=? Bones; How are they distributed?

Toe bones: the hallux (great/big toe) has 2, and the other toes have 3 (14 total)

Midfoot bones-3 types? how many total?

5 tarsal bones:

1. The cuboid (1)

2. The navicular (1)

3. The cuneiforms (3)

The midfoot contributes to mobility by…(2 things)

1. Tarsal bones form the arch of the foot

2. Tarsal bones help transmit the weight of the body throughout the foot

Hindfoot bones (2)

1. Talus: ankle bone

2. Calcneus: heel bone

Subtalar joint

Joint between the talus and calcneus bone

The hindfoot contributes to mobility bc…(2)

1. The talus and calcneus act together to join the foot to the lower leg

2. The joint between the talus and lower leg and the subtalar joint allow foot to move

The Upper part of Shoe

All components of the shoe that are located above the midsole and outsole

Shoe: Midsole

Component found on shoes that often differs in color, density or material and is located between the outsole and shoe upper

Outsole

Outermost sole of shoe. The portion that contacts the substrate and is exposed to wear and tear. Part that produces footwear impressions

3 properties of an outsole

1. Grip

2. Durability

3. Water resistance

Features and characteristics of footwear impressions are influenced by the individual’s…

Gait (a persons manner of walking )

Cut Outsoles-How are they made? What affects final shape and size?

Outsoles cut from sheets of previously molded/milled soling materials to reach a final shape. Final shape and/or affected by cutting/timming

Molded Outsoles-how are they made? What affects final shape?

Soling material is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify, taking the characteristics of the mold. Once solid, no cutting is required. The final shape/size is dependent only on the shape/size of the mold.

Shoe sizes differ in the following 3 criteria:

1. Characteristic length

2. Unit of measurement

3. Zero point

Characteristic length (i.e….) A shoe size system can refer to one of three characteristic lengths:

(i.e. What is being measured?) Three types: 1. Median length of the foot directly proportional to body measurement

2. The length of the inner cavity of the shoe

3. The length of the last

Last

Piece of wood, metal or synthetic material that’s been shaped and sized to simulate a foot. Serves as a form over which a shoe is built

The Unit of Measurement (i.e…) 3 common length units:

1. Paris Points

2. Barleycorns

3. Metric

The Zero Point (i.e….) Sizing systems use size 0 (or 1) at 3 diff locations:

(I.e. what is the length equivalent to the starting size?):

1. Size 0 as the foot’s length (mondopoint system)

2. Size 0 as the length of the shoes inner cavity

3. Size 0 (or 1) as the last length

Three U.S. Shoe Sizing Systems

1. Customary

2. Brannock Device

3. Mondopoint

Calculating Shoe size using U.S. Customary System: General Formula? Units?

Shoe Size=3x-Y

X can equal the length of the last or foot in inches; Y will change depending on M/F/child sizes and is given on cover sheet. The result shoe size is in barleycorns.

U.S. Customary System: Children’s Sizes 2 Ranges? How does this change the formula?

Ranges:

1. 0C to 13C represents infant/toddler/little kid sizes

2. 1Y to 7Y represents big kid/youth sizes

In the equation if calculating for 1Y the number 14 would be used for shoe size, 2Y=15, etc

How to calculate shoe size using brannock measurements:

Shoe size=3(foot length in inches)-Y

The same as using foot length for US customary system

Mondopoint shoe sizing is based off two characteristics:

1. The length of the foot (cm) x10

2. Linear width of the foot (cm)x10

ISO Standards for Mondopoint

1. ISO 9407

2. ISO/TS 19407

3. ISO 19048

ISO 9407

Sizing and marking

ISO/TS 19407

conversion of sizing systems

ISO 19048

Vocabulary and terminology

What is the foot length and width of a Mondo260(94)?

Foot length of 26cm and width of 9.4cm

What are the 4 correct ways to illustrate a mondopoint size with a foot length of 27cm and width of 9

1. MP270

2. MP270/90

3. MP270-90

4. MP270(90)

MP can be replaced with Mondo