Gunpowder Empires AP World History

Akbar

Greatest of the Munghal rulers; greatest achievement was cultural blending and religious toleration.

Suleyman the Magnificent

Brought Ottoman Empire to its height; he created a law code that governed criminal and civil issues; he created a simplified and fair tax system to raise money for his empire; and he granted freedom to Christians and Jews who lived in the empire.

Babur

A Muslim who founded Mughal empire

Mehmet II

Under his rule, the ottomans laid siege on Constantinople.

Shah Abbas the Great

Revitalized the Safavid empire; modernized military; sought European alliances; permitted European merchants and missionaries.

Shah

Title for Safavid rulers; Persian title for king

Sharia law

Islamic law

Janissaries

Christian boys from Blakans, Military Slaves that are trained to be loyal to the ottoman government (firearms)

Istanbul

Used to be Constantinople, capital of the Ottoman Empire

Sultans

Ottoman rulers who governed with absolute power

The divine faith

A blending of ideas from Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism made by Akbar who hoped it would end Muslims and Hindus

Taj Mahal

Greatest example of Mughal architecture; built as a tomb for the emperors wife and later used as a Mosque

Xenophobia

Fear of outsiders

Exports of gunpowder empires

Sill, carpet, spices, ceramics, crafts, pepper, jewels, metal, and artwork.

Battle of chaldiran (1514)

Ottomans vs Safavid; Safavid lost because they considered firearms unmanly

Shia Muslims

The Safavids were ruled by who?

Turkic

The Islamic Gunpowder empires were founded from _______ nomadic cultures.

Autocratic

Gunpowder empires had _______ rule

Military conquest, Land Empires

Gunpowder empires are based on ______ _______.

Non-Muslim

Mughals ruled over predominately _______ population.

People would be punished according to the rules of their own religion.

Explain how crimes across millets were handled

Devshirme.

Blood tax or tribute in blood; Practice which Ottoman Empire sent military to abduct boys and converted them to Islam and selecting and training them for military or civil service in the Ottoman Empire to become Janisaries.

Millet System

In the Ottoman Empire; it is a separate legal court involving "personal law" where a religious community was allowed to rule itself under its own system while remaining loyal to the empire still.

Autocracy

a system of government by one person with absolute power.

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power

Medical Advancements Ottoman Empire

Use of live viruses to create an early form of vaccine

Sunni/Shia Conflict

disagreement over the rightful leader of Islam after the death of Muhammad.

Bureaucracy

A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials.Most extensively used by the Qing and Ottoman Empires between 1450-1750

Russian Empire

The beginnings of the empire was after the defeat of the Mongols in the late 1400s. Ivan III expanded and took over additional land, centralized rule and claimed divine ordination. He proclaimed Moscow to be the capital of the new empire.

Peter the Great

This was the tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army to help control his people.