Learn: ENG 222 Exam 2 JMU goode

"no good writer ever prepared his symptoms ahead of time and wrote his book about them, but out if a good book which is true to life symboled may arise and be profitably explored if not over emphasized"

Ernest Hemingway

liked to write about soldiers hunters bullfighters - tough at times roma give people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith

Ernest Hemingway

grade school like grammar

Ernest Hemingway

use if understatement

Ernest Hemingway

plain efficient word choice

Ernest Hemingway

short declarative sentences

Ernest Hemingway

used language accessible to the common reader

Ernest Hemingway

use of repetition in dialogue to help ready remember what has been said

Ernest Hemingway

theory of omission aka "ice burg principle" (by omitting certain parts a story is strengthened) writer must know the omissions and write enough for ready to sense the omitted parts. (when immured parts are senses a greater perception and understanding can be achieved)

Ernest Hemingway

ice burg principle - "i guess the story that tops them all for leave out was a clean well lighted place i left everything out of that one... may be my fav story"

Ernest Hemingway

charges of being anti-semantic racist and sexist (others argue he shows the complexity of human life and needed to tackle sensitive subjects)

Ernest Hemingway

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place

Ernest Hemingway

"i am not tragically colored. there is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul not lurking behind my eyes. i do not mind at all. i do not belong to the sobbing school of negrohood who hold that nature somehow has given then a lowdown dirty deal and whose feelings are all hurt about... no i do not weep at the world - i am too busy sharpening my oyster knife."

Zora Neale Hurston

"it is urgent to realize that minorities do think and think about something other than the race problem. that they are very human and internally according to natural endowment are just like everybody else. so long as this is not conceived there must remain the feeling of insurmountable difference to the average man means something bad. "

Zora Neale Hurston

Eatonville, Florida

first incorporated black municipality in U.S. when she was 1 yrs old

Zora Neale Hurston

raised im environment where she saw african americans in leadership positions in politics education law etc

Zora Neale Hurston

barnard college 1925

frank boaz - father of anthropology

Zora Neale Hurston

after graduating returned to eatonville to collect folklore materials (aided in choice to use rural black southern vernacular as dialogue in stories)

Zora Neale Hurston

one of the key writers of the harlem renaissance

Zora Neale Hurston

one of the shapers of the black literary and cultural movements

Zora Neale Hurston

under attack from many members of black arts movement who criticized her portrayal of african american (charging her with reaffirming racial stereotypes used against african americans

Zora Neale Hurston

charged that there were more to african americans than their race and that her characterizations shower them in their humanity not in the restricted terms of race

Zora Neale Hurston

vernacular and southern dialect of everyday african americans through dialogue with more urbane educated standard english of the narrator

Zora Neale Hurston

concerned with issues of racial and gender identity

Zora Neale Hurston

encourages women to rise above the burdens places upon them by men and realize their true potential as women

Zora Neale Hurston

records the renal growth possible in relationships with supportive black men and the dangers to black women's identify in relationships with oppressive black men

Zora Neale Hurston

Sweat

Zora Neale Hurston

my theory is that literature is sssentisk to society in the way that dreams are essential to our lives. we can't live without dreaming as we can't live without sleep. we are conscious beings for only a limited period of time then we sink back into sleep the unconscious. it is nourishing in ways we can't fully understand.

Joyce Carol Oates

focused on everyday life, familiar territory and recognizable character traits

Joyce Carol Oates

dark violence more often than not bleed through the everyday world of their work

Joyce Carol Oates

attempts to "distort the reality the ready once felt safe with"

Joyce Carol Oates

focuses upon common American obsessions: love, money, evil and reveals them as the root of fear in people

Joyce Carol Oates

tells the tale of "a people paralyzed by their fear of being powerless to change things;" attempts

to "raise the consciousness of ordinary people to the realization of the destruction of their lives,

to 'show us how to get through and transcend pain,' to encourage us to continue the struggle to

put some meaning into human life" (Grant 4-5)

Joyce Carol Oates

strong believer in there being "meaning in human life," but works often have characters who

"demonstrate the problems that go along with a society that is drunk with violence and washed of

all innocence;" shows the harsh realities of our world

Joyce Carol Oates

male characters are often very brutal or very weak; female characters are usually victims

Joyce Carol Oates

~ wants their readers to avoid being lulled into "false ideals

Joyce Carol Oates

frequently asked, "Why is your writing so violent?" which they argues actually means, "why is

your writing so violent for a woman." For Oates, "The question is always insulting. The question

is always ignorant. The question is always sexist."

Joyce Carol Oates

states that their "writing isn't usually explicitly violent, but deals, most of the time, with the

phenomenon of violence and its aftermath."

Joyce Carol Oates

dedicated to Bob Dylan; this arthur

acknowledges that Dylan's song, "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" was an influence on her

story as was the story of Charles Schmid, "The Pied Piper of Tucson," a serial killer in

Arizona who was the subject of a LIFE magazine article in 1966.

Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been?

Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been?

Joyce Carol Oates

Men can starve from a lack of self-realization as much as they can from a lack

of bread." - native son 1940

Richard White

Ø one of first black writers to protest the racist treatment of blacks in the U.S.

Richard White

child of illiterate sharecropper and a schoolteacher; grandson of slaves

Richard White

Ø 1940, Native Son published, making Wright internationally famous - story of Biggar

Thomas, an attack on systemic racism and classism; considered one of the most

influential novels in American literature

Richard White

Ø In late 1940s, in response to racism they continued to experience in U.S., moved his

family to France to live as a permanent expatriate

Richard White

Criticized many other writers of the Harlem Renaissance, argued that their writing

was "rarely addressed to the Negro himself, to his needs, his sufferings, his

aspirations

Richard White

Known for: "unflinching, realistic, and purposely anti-romantic portraits of the

racial prejudice, oppression, and hypocrisy he experienced and witnessed during

much of their life"

Richard White

tried to fairly and honestly depict the lives of black Americans

Richard White

black characters are unhappy and unsatisfied with their lives, but are powerless to improve the situation

Richard White

Set during time of Great Depression, a time of severe hardship for most of

Americans, set in the South

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

During this period, the Great Migration occurs which entailed hundreds of

thousands. Southerners heading north in search of work and better lives; often they

met with the same poverty they left behind them

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

Set during a time in the South when share cropping kept people tied to the land and

often indebted to the landowner

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

o Set during the 1930s when there was an increase in lynching black Americans;

between 1930-1937, over 100 black men and women were lynched by whites

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

o During this period, whites and blacks had little formal education

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

The Man Who Was Almost a Man

Richard Wright

Men do change, and change comes like a little wind that ruffles the curtains at

dawn, and it comes like the stealthy perfume of wildflowers hidden in the

grass.

John Steinbeck

Novelist, short story writer; essayist, cultural critic, social historian; war correspondent;

Pulitzer & Noble Prize winner

John Steinbeck

Appreciation for environment stems from growing up in Salinas River Valley (100 miles

south of S.F.) and along Pacific coast

John Steinbeck

known for : their deep empathy for the weak, defenseless, working poor, the marginalized,

the lonely

John Steinbeck

known for : deeply concerned with the dignity of human beings.

John Steinbeck

Aware of an essential bond between humans and the environments they inhabit; the two

are inseparable; in his work, the local landscape is inseparable from his treatment of

character

John Steinbeck

Works tend to reflect tension between world of harsh reality and the world of

animal-like freedom

John Steinbeck

Often focuses upon friendship between men.

John Steinbeck

Symbolism a favorite literary technique used to convey theme

John Steinbeck

His women characters are viewed as being drawn as inferior to men; often presented

subordinate, and/or scandalous; they have often been stigmatized by a number of

critics as a misogynist

John Steinbeck

shows "a strong, capable woman kept from personal, social, and

sexual fulfillment by the prevailing conception of a woman's role in a world dominated

by men" (Renner 306)

The Chrysanthemums

"__________ world," observes Charles A. Sweet, Jr., "is a man's world, a world that

frustrates even minor league women's liberationists" (214)

John Steinbeck

The Chrysanthemums

John Steinbeck