Progressive Era Review

Who were the Progressives

Most progressives were native born, middle or upper class, and had a college education. Many middle class women were progressives.

What were the Progressives

They wanted change. They wanted safer working conditions for industrial workers. They demanded limits on corporate power. They wanted shorter work days, a minimum wage, no more child labor and etc.

They went after business as far as labor reforms.

They wanted to change the monopoly concept.

They wanted a minimum wage

8 hours a day max

40 hours a week

They wanted to have working safety laws

They wanted to eliminate child labor

Where and when did the Progressive era takeplace

1890's-1920's

It occurred all across America

Why did the progressive era happen?

People were very angry about the way they were being treated or paid.

How did progressivism gain support

They wrote about it in novels, magazines and newspapers

Printing press

The writers were called Muckrakers

The journalism they used was investigative journalist

They were called muckrakers because Theodore Roosevelt called them that in a speech. He meant it as criticism saying they were just going around taking up all the crap and making America look bad. It only motivated them more.

Upton Sinclair

This muckraker wrote "The Jungle," which exposed the truth about the US meat packing industry. The book was published in 1906

This horrified the nation and led to the creation of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act

Ida Tarbell

One of the leading muckrakers who wrote using investigative journalism. She went against the standard oil company.

Daniel Burnham

American architect and planner who helped bring French Baron Haussmann's City Beautiful Movement to the United States

WEB DuBois

An African-American activist eho encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregstion and discrimination; Also helped create NAACP

Billy Sunday

Baseball player that became a preacher of the sins of alcohol

Carrie Nation

Leader of the Women's' Christian Temperance Organization which worked to do away with the buying, selling, distribution of alcohol. Would destroy saloons (bars) with a hatchet.

16th Amendments

Income tax which paved the path for prohibition which would later become a ammendment

17th Amendment

Gave voters the power to elect their senators directly. The amendment was ratified the next year. (The congress proposed the 17th amendment in 1912.)

18th Amendment

Banned the manufacture, sale and distribution of alcoholic beverages in the United States. It was repealed in 1933.

19th Amendment

Prohibited American Citizens from being denied to vote based on their sex. (Gave women the right to vote.)

Muckrakers

Writers of the Progressive Era who exposed abuses in government and industry

Prohibition movement

~key leaders

~root cause

~ results

Carrie nation.

Root cause:

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

fire that started in a shirt making company, where many women were killed due to the bosses locking the doors thinking the girls would steal from them. The bosses fled before helping the rest of the staff

Theodore Roosevelt

Became president after William McKinney was assassinated give a speech. He served 2 terms and ran for a 3rd adter he did not like how Taft's presidency went.

How Roosevelt took over as President

He was so popular amongst the voters that no republican even dared to challenge him in the 1904 nomination.

The Square deal

the square deal became Roosevelt's 1904 campaign. He promised to "see to it that every man has a square deal, no less and no more." Meaning that everyone had a fair chance. The pledge summed up his belief in balancing the interests of business, consumers, and labor. Roosevelt's square deal called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety and improving working conditions.

why Roosevelt got back into politics

He got back into politics because he was so disappointed by Taft's performance.

Election of 1912

Roosevelt announced that he would run for a third term

He said "My hat is back in the ring"

Didn't sit well with everyone, while others were very excited that he was running for president

The political cartoon with George Washington shows that the founders wanted there to be only 2 terms a president so there was no dictatorship

He got shot in the chest during a speech and continued the speech

He is very popular

But he enters the race too late, and Taft wins Republican nomination

Thus, the "BULL MOOSE PARTY" formed, based on Progressivism and New Nationalism

He's outraged with Taft wins the election so he forms a third party out of progressives

Wilson won by a ridiculous amount

Wilson was a younger man who didn't have a lot of professional political experience

Roosevelt not supporting him screwed over the republican party because if you combine Roosevelt and Taft they would have won the popular vote

Pure food and Drug Act

Forbade harmful production of medicine, including misleading labeling

Meat Inspection Act

Federal inspection of meat across state lines

William Howard Taft

At first Roosevelt wanted Taft to be president. He was running against Bryan who had already lost in a previous election.

Taft's Legacy

Roosevelt's chosen successor for 1908

Accomplished many Progressive reforms

Concerned about the legal limits of his power

Appeared timid and conservative

Ballinger- Pinch Affair

dispute over coal rich Alaskan land, first sold and then eventually restored into forest reserve

Roosevelt vs Taf Presidenencies

Roosevelt loved the spot light, was a very much a people person.

Progressive Party ( Bullmoose party)

This Progressive 3rd political party was formed as a result of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and was lead by Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson and "New Freedom"

Federal Trade commission

This act establishs the federal Reserve and gave the government greater control over the circulation of money

Federal Reserve Act

The Federal Agency was established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices

Compare Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Act

They were the same thing. The name had just become changed. The Clayton act had been an edited reversion of

Who ran in the Election of 1912?

Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and William Howard Taft

Which parties did the candidates represent in the election of 1912?

Roosevelt- Bull Moose party/ republican at first

Wilson- democratic party

Taft- republican

What caused the split in the Republican Party

Roosevelt entered the races too late allowing Taft to get the Republican seat. But roosevelt felt that taft was unfit to be president again and created another party called the Bull moose party which is made up of Progressivism and New Nationalism.

Why was the outcome of the Election of 1912 and its significance?

Wilson won the election with 43% of the votes. If Taft and Roosevelt put aside their differences they could have had combined 50% for the republican party. This was the 2nd victory since 1860

How did Taft angered Progressives?

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)- Increases tariffs on imported goods

Ballinger- Pinchot Affair- Dispute over coal rich Alaskan land, first sold and then eventually restored into forest reserve. There were some people in America that felt that the gov, was restricting the selling of land.

Supported unpopular officials- Speaker of the house Joseph "Uncle Joe" Cannon

Roosevelt would really be angry over the Ballinger Pinchot Affair. The Alaskan land never actually got sold. Roosevelt left a safari in Africa to come back up to America and says that Taft is his enemy. Pinchot got fired

What did Taft achieve

Mann- Elkins Act (1910): Increased power of ICC

Protected public land

Conducted 2x as many anti-trust suits as TR. He goes after John D. Rockefeller. That's when Standard oil gets split into different companies.

Supreme court dissolved Standard Oil Company

Created the Department of Labor

Supported the 16th and 17th amendments

The 16th amendment called for income tax out of your paycheck

The 17th had to do with election reforms which meant you had to vote for congress man by the direct popular vote

Sherman Antitrust Act

This law made monopolies and trusts illegal, but was difficult to enforce

Significance: Teddy Roosevelt will be the first president to use this law to "bust up" illegal trusts

Clayton Antitrust Act

The Sherman Antitrust act but more narrowed down

Recall

This reform refers to a special election to remove an elected official. Procedure enabling voters to remove an official from office by calling for a special election. (Page 271)

Initiative

Gives voters the power to initiate or introduce legislation. If a certain percentage of voters in a state usually 5 to 15 percent sign a petition a proposed policy must be put on the ballot for public approval. (Page 271)

Referendum

Procedure allowing citizens to force the legislature to place a recently passed law on the ballot for public approval. (Page 271)

Direct Primary

Progressives wanted to take the power of the bosses by reforming the election process. First they wanted to take the power

Significance of Federal Reserve act

This allowed the government to control the amount of money in circulation and also helped to prevent bank failures

Secert ballot

A voting ballot rhat was now private

NAACP

African-American civil rights organization. Founded by WEB Dubois.