Fachenglisch Medical and Anatomical Vocabulary

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical, dermatological, physiological, and general academic terms from Weeks 1, 2, and 4.

freckle

a small pale brown spot on the skin, usually on the face, especially of a person with pale skin

mole

a small dark spot or lump (= raised area) on a person's skin

wart

small hard lump (= raised area) which grows on the skin, often on the face and hands, caused by a virus

acne

a skin disease common in young people, in which small red spots appear on the face and neck

eczema

a medical condition that makes your skin dry, sore and itchy

scar

a mark left on part of the body after an injury, such as a cut, has healed

scab

a hard covering of dried blood that forms over a wound to cover and protect it as it heals

goosebumps

(UK also goose pimples) small raised areas that appear on the skin because of cold, fear or excitement

skin graft

a piece of skin taken from one part of the body and used to replace damaged skin in another part

strawberry mark

a permanent dark red mark on a person's skin which has existed since birth

rash

an area of small red spots on your skin, caused by an illness or allergic reaction to sth that you have touched, eaten etc

boil

a painful lump on your skin that has become infected and is filled with pus

blister

a swollen area on your skin that is full of a clear liquid and caused by being burned or rubbed

capillary

The smallest type of blood vessel, with a wall that is only one cell thick. It carries blood to and from individual cells in your body.

connective tissue

the parts of your body that connect or support organs and other parts of the body

sebaceous gland

an organ in your body that allows a type of oil called sebum to flow onto your skin and hair to keep them soft

benign

a benign lump in your body is not cancer and will not kill you

malignant

a malignant tumour consists of cancer cells that can spread in the body

to excise

to remove something harmful that is growing inside a person's body, especially by cutting it out

excision

the act or procedure of removing by or as if by cutting out; especially : surgical removal or resection

subcutaneous

under the skin

cranium

the hard bone case in animals and humans, which gives the head its shape and protects the brain

scalp

the skin on the top of a person's head where hair grows

iris

the coloured circular part of an eye surrounding the black pupil (= central part)

pupil

the circular black area in the centre of your eye, through which light enters

palate

the top part of the inside of your mouth

larynx

INFORMAL voice box; a muscular hollow organ between the nose and the lungs which contains the tissue that moves very quickly to create the human voice and many animal sounds

collarbone

SPECIALIZED clavicle; a bone between your shoulder and neck on each side of your body

rib cage

the structure of ribs that protects your heart and lungs in your chest

navel

INFORMAL belly button; the small round part in the middle of the stomach which is left after the umbilical cord has been cut at birth

abdomen

SPECIALIZED the lower part of a person's or animal's body, which contains the stomach, bowels and other organs, or the end of an insect's body

intervertebral disk

Any of the disks between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

marrow

ALSO bone marrow; soft fatty tissue in the centre of a bone

cartilage

a type of strong stretchy tissue found in humans in the joints and other places such as the nose, throat and ears

pelvis

the bones which form a bowl-shaped structure in the area below the waist at the top of the legs, and to which the leg bones and spine are joined

femur

SPECIALIZED the long bone in the upper part of the leg (plural: femurs or femora)

kneecap

SPECIALIZED patella; the bone at the front of the knee joint

shinbone

SPECIALIZED tibia; the bone at the front of your leg, between knee and foot

fibula

SPECIALIZED the outer of the two bones in the lower part of the human leg (plural: fibulas or fibulae)

Achilles tendon

a small muscular cord just above the heel, connecting the heel bone to the muscles in the lower part of the leg

cyst

a round growth, just under the skin or deeper in the body, which contains liquid

cerebrum

SPECIALIZED the front part of the brain, which is involved with thought, decision, emotion and character (plural: cerebrums or cerebra)

cortex

SPECIALIZED the outer layer, especially of the brain and other organs (plural: cortices)

meninges

the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

spinal cord

the set of nerves inside the spine that connect the brain to other nerves in the body

spleen

an organ near the stomach which produces and cleans the body's blood

pharynx

the soft part at the top of the throat which connects the mouth and nose to the oesophagus and the larynx

oesophagus (BE)

SPECIALIZED, ALSO esophagus (US); the tube which takes food from the mouth to the stomach

colon

the lower and bigger half of the bowels in which water is removed from excrement

rectum

the lowest end of the bowels, down which excrement travels before leaving the body through the anus

pancreas

an organ in the body that produces insulin and substances which help to digest food so that it can be used by the body

gall bladder

a small bag-like bodily organ connected to the liver which stores bile (= a bitter liquid that helps to digest food)

windpipe

(SPECIALIZED, also trachea) the tube which carries air from the throat to the lungs

diaphragm

the muscle which separates the chest from the lower part of the body

uterus

SPECIALIZED, ALSO: womb; the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth (plural: uteri or uteruses)

cervix

SPECIALIZED the narrow lower part of the womb, which leads into the vagina (plural: cervixes or cervices)

testicle

SPECIALIZED, ALSO testis; either of the two round male sex organs which produce sperm and are enclosed in the scrotum (= bag of skin) below and behind the penis

valve

a device that opens and closes to control the flow of liquids or gases, or a similar structure in the heart and the veins that controls the flow of blood

pacemaker

a small device that is put inside someone's chest in order to help their heart beat at the correct speed

pulmonary

relating to the lungs (= organs used for breathing)

cusp

a fold or flap of a cardiac valve

cavity

a hole, or an empty space between two surfaces

myocardial infarction

a heart attack

to cope with

to deal successfully with a difficult situation

to diminish

to reduce or be reduced in size or importance

to convey

to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people

occurrence

the fact of something existing, or how much of it exists

heightened

increased, especially an emotion / effect

sophisticated

having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion

accomplishment

something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort

to determine

to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen