PS Unit 4 Bonds & Naming

Covalent Bonds

formed when two nonmetals share pairs of valence electrons

Diatomic elements

pure elements that exist as pairs in normal gas or elemental state (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine)

Electronegativity

atom’s ability to attract shared electrons toward itself in a chemical bond (increases up and right on periodic table)

Ionic Bonds

form in the complete transfer of valence electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, oppositely charged ions are held together by electrostatic attraction

Lewis Dot Structure

diagram showing element’s or molecule’s valence electrons (dots or lines)

Nonpolar covalent

equal electron sharing between two nonmetals

Octet Rule

tendency of main

Polar covalent bond

unequal electron sharing, creates partial positive and partial negative poles

Polyatomic Ion

tightly bound groups of atoms that carry an overall net positive or negative charge