TCA Cycle

fermentation in muscle cells

turn pyruvate from glycolysis into lactate with LDH

fermentation in yeast

is the process of converting pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide, allowing for ATP production in the absence of oxygen.

Step `1

Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate →Citryl-CoA intermediate → Citrate with Citrate synthase

Step 2

Citrate → cis-Aconitate → isocitrate with Aconitase

Step 3

Isocitrate → Oxalosuccinate → α-Ketoglutarate + CO₂ + NADH by Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Step 4

α-Ketoglutarate → succinyl-CoA intermediate → Succinyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH by α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Step 5

Succinyl-CoA → Succinate + GTP (ATP) by Succinyl-CoA synthetase

Step 6

Succinate → Fumarate + FADH₂ by Succinate dehydrogenase

Step 7

Fumarate → Malate by Fumarase

step 8

Malate → Oxaloacetate + NADH by Malate dehydrogenase

Bridge step

Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH by Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex