group 1

what are they called

alkali metals

three physical propertied

they are soft, low melting points and low densites

how many electrons are in their outer shell

1

how happens to the melting point as you go down

it decreases

what happens when they take part in reactions and what does it form

they loose one electron so they now have the same electronic configuration as a noble gas and they form positively charged ions

ions arrangment:

it is stable as it has a compete outer shell

equation for reaction with water and sodium

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) or sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

when they react with water what do they produce

metal hydroxide and hydrogen which is alkali

equation for when sodium reacts with oxygen

4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s) or sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide

what happens to the reactivity as you go down group 1

it increases

what happens when group one metals react with oxygen

they form metal oxides

what happens to group 1 metals at room temp

at room temperature, oxygen reacts with the surface of the metal. This forms a white oxide, which covers the surface. The metal below the surface does not react.

what happens when group 1 metals react with chlorine

they form chlorides

what are chlorides like at room temperature

white solids

equation of sodium and chlorine

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s) or sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride

how to tell if a group 1 metal is more reactive (about ions)

 The more easily the ions form, the more reactive the metal.

what happens to the atoms going down group one

they get larger

what happens to the outer electron going down group one

its further away from the nucleus

what happens to the force of attraction between the nucleus and outer electron going down group one

it decreases

what happens to the outer electron going down group one

it is lost more easily

why are they more reactive as you go down

as you go down the periodic table the amount of outer shells increase and so the electrostatic attraction (between positive nucleus and negative valence electron) is weakened. as it is weakened