Chemical Kinetics

not constant

Regardless of the nature of a chemical reaction, the rate at which the reaction proceeds isall throughout.

instantaneous rate

However, regardless of the graph you take, you can see that the rate varies at any given point in the curve. This rate is called the ________ and can be obtained graphically by drawing a straight line tangential to only one point in the curve.

instantaneous rate

For both the reactant and the product, the _________ is faster at the beginning of the reaction simply because the abundance of reactants causes the reaction to proceed faster. Nonetheless, as more and more products are being formed, the reactants become fewer and fewer, and for reactions with multiple reactants, this makes the reactants harder to “meet” one another, causing a decrease in reaction rate.

The rate of the formation of products

THis written formula is known as?

The rate of the disappearance of the reactants

This formula written is known as?

A rate expression

Combining two equations for the disappearance of the reactants and the formation of products: this formula is known as?

Rate Law

This expresses the relationship between the rate of reaction to the rate constant (k) and the concentration of the reactants raised to some powers.

The Method of Initial Rates

In this method, you will be given the initial concentration of all the reactants and the initial rate of the reaction. Using the initial rate is more convenient because as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of the reactant decreases and can be difficult to measure at any given time. Furthermore, the reverse reaction from product to reform the reaction may also occur, and these scenarios will complicate the calculation of reaction orders.

Integrated Rate Laws

These are equations that relate the concentrations of reactants to the elapsed time of the reaction. Determining whether the reaction is zeroth order, first-order, second-order (or higher) with respect to a certain reactant requires determining the linearity of the plot when certain points are plotted against time.

the method of initial rates and the use of integrated rate laws.

The two known methods to calculate reaction orders from experimental data are the

overall reaction order

When asked about the _____, it is the sum of all the reaction orders in the rate law expression.

Molecularity

molecularity pertains to the number of reactant particles involved in the chemical reaction which affects the reaction rate. If two different molecules dictate the rate of the reaction, then the reaction is said to be bimolecular.

unaffected

You will encounter reactions that are zeroth-order with respect to at least 1 reactant. That means that regardless of the concentration of that reactant, the rate will be ________.