Cell Structure Definition

Plasma Cell Membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

• Short carbohydrate chains come out of the cell to provide molecular identity

Integral proteins

• Spans both layers of the membrane

Peripheral proteins

• Only on one side of the membrane

Cytoplasm

• Thick solution that fills cell composed of water, salts and proteins

• A framework of protein scaffolds to give the cell its shape

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• A network of membrane channels and pockets within the cytoplasm

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Produces proteins by the ribosomes on its surface

• Checks, folds and packages proteins for transport to the golgi

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Produces and stores fats and steroid hormones

Golgi Apparatus

• Clusters of flattened membranes

• Sends proteins to the right locations by sorting, modifying and packaging proteins for transport

• Produces lysosomes which:

  • attaches to material inside the cell

  • releases enzymes

  • breaks down contents for recycling or disposal

Mitochondria

• Double walled cell

• Each cell has a different number based on their energy needs

• Where cellular respiration and ATP production occur

• Have many of their own circular DNA containing 37 genes

Nucleus

• Largest organelle in the cell

Nuclear envelope

• Double-layer membrane

Nuclear pores

• Allow for communication

Nucleolus

• Produces ribosomes used for protein synthesis

Eukaryotes

• Linear DNA

• Nucleoid

• Organelles

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Animal or plant cells

Prokaryotes

• Single celled

• Circular DNA

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes