ART 1310 Exam 3: Impressionism through Futurism

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering art movements, architectural methods, and landmark artworks from Impressionism and Symbolism through Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Futurism.

Impressionism

A 19th-century art movement that emerged with new ideas in color theory, focusing on natural light, everyday modern subjects, and optical sensation, represented by artists such as Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt.

Post-Impressionism

A late 19th-century movement following Impressionism that extended beyond the optical recording of light to emphasize intense color, structural form, or emotional expression, seen in the work of Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Pointillism

A systematic painting technique developed within Post-Impressionism where tiny, distinct dots of color are applied to canvas to optically blend into forms, famously used by Georges Seurat in 'A Sunday on La Grande Jatte.'

The Symbolism Movement

An art movement spanning 1886 CE to 1900 CE that rejected Realism as boring and trivial, utilizing imaginary and exotic worlds to explore the subconscious, sight unseen, and the 'visible invisible.'

Fin-de-Siècle

A late 19th-century cultural and artistic current meaning 'end of the century,' characterized by apocalyptic themes, taboo subjects, exaggerated sexuality, and luxurious excess.

Jupiter and Semele

A ca. 1875 Symbolist oil painting ($7' \times 3'4''$) by Gustave Moreau depicting a mythological vision infused with intricate, gem-like ornamental detail inspired by the subconscious and Richard Wagner's 'Grand Synthesis of the Arts.'

The Cyclops

A ca. 1898 Symbolist oil on canvas painting ($2'1'' \times 1'8''$) by Odilon Redon illustrating the mythological giant Polyphemus peering over a landscape at Galatea, illustrating Redon's concept of the 'visible invisible.'

Sleeping Gypsy

A ca. 1897 Symbolist oil on canvas painting ($4'3'' \times 6'7''$) by Henri Rousseau that showcases his independent style through an exotic, dreamlike desert scene of a sleeping wanderer and a lion under moonlight.

The Scream

A ca. 1893 Symbolist work in tempera and pastels on cardboard ($2'11\,3/4'' \times 2'5''$) by Edvard Munch, capturing intense internal psychological pain and suffering amidst a swirling, emotionally charged landscape.

The Kiss

A ca. 1907–1908 Fin-de-Siècle oil on canvas painting ($5'10\,3/4'' \times 5'10\,3/4''$) by Gustav Klimt representing two lovers enveloped in lavish golden robes and patterned decoration atop a floral precipice.

Adams Memorial

A ca. 1891 bronze sculpture ($5'10''$ high) by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C., representing timeless thematic ideals and the realization of human form through heavy drapery.

Ugolino and His Children

A ca. 1865–1867 marble sculpture ($6'5''$ high) by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux displaying intense emotional agony and physical suffering inspired by Dante's narrative and Hellenistic sculptures like the 'Laocoön.'

Walking Man

A ca. 1905 bronze sculpture ($6'11\,3/4''$ high) by Auguste Rodin that explores the moving human body in motion and light on textured surfaces without arms or a head to prove complete anatomy is unnecessary to convey walking.

The Gates of Hell

A monumental multi-figure bronze project by Auguste Rodin influenced by Dante's literary narrative, which became the source for several of his standalone sculptures including 'The Thinker' and 'Walking Man.'

Arts and Crafts Movement

A decorative arts and design movement centered on socialism and high-quality artisan craftsmanship, emphasizing 'functional objects with high aesthetic appeal and value' and honest labor.

Green Dining Room

A ca. 1867 interior designed by William Morris for the South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria & Albert Museum), demonstrating the Arts and Crafts commitment to unified, handcrafted decorative design.

Art Nouveau Style

An architectural and interior design style characterized by undulating 'twining-plant' forms, exceptional craftsmanship, opulence, and organic, free-form spatial planning.

Staircase in the Van Eetvelde House

A ca. 1895 Art Nouveau interior in Brussels, Belgium, designed by Victor Horta, known for integrating slender exposed iron supports that curve into sinuous plant-like arabesques below a stained-glass skylight dome.

Lotus Table Lamp

An Art Nouveau lamp crafted by Louis Comfort Tiffany ($2'10\,1/2''$ high) combining leaded Favrile glass, mosaic, and bronze to achieve luxurious artisanship rooted in natural botanical shapes.

Casa Mila

A ca. 1907 Art Nouveau residential building in Barcelona, Spain, designed by Antonio Gaudí, known for its undulating, sculptural stone masonry, organic courtyards, and dynamic rooftop walkway.

Undraped Architecture

An architectural technique that leaves the structural iron and metal engineering completely uncovered and visible, exemplified by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel's Eiffel Tower.

Eiffel Tower

A ca. 1889 wrought-iron lattice monument in Paris, France, designed by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel that pioneered undraped, exposed metal framework on a monumental scale.

Marshall Field Wholesale Store

A ca. 1885–1887 commercial warehouse in Chicago designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, demonstrating Romanesque Revival architecture and 'the look of permanence' through heavy, rusticated masonry arches.

Prudential Building

A ca. 1894–1896 skyscraper in Buffalo, New York, designed by Louis Henry Sullivan in Romanesque Revival style, fusing modern skyscraper engineering with rich, organic terra-cotta ornamentation.

Glass Draped Architecture

An architectural technique developed by Louis Henry Sullivan that hangs expansive bays of glass over an underlying steel frame while ornamenting lower zones with intricate cast relief, as seen on the Carson, Pirie, Scott Building.

Carson, Pirie, Scott Building

A ca. 1899–1904 Chicago commercial building designed by Louis Henry Sullivan featuring an Art Nouveau cast-iron entrance pavilion and wide, horizontal bands of windows created using glass draped architecture.

Fauvism

An early 20th-century movement known as 'artists painting like wild beasts' (the Fauves), focusing on direct expressions achieved through intense color juxtapositions and the rejection of imitative, realistic hues.

Woman with the Hat

A ca. 1905 Fauvist oil painting ($2'7\,3/4'' \times 1'11\,1/2''$) by Henri Matisse depicting a portrait characterized by bold, non-naturalistic color clashes applied with raw, spontaneous brushstrokes.

Red Room (Harmony in Red)

A ca. 1908–1909 Fauvist oil on canvas painting ($5'11'' \times 8'1''$) by Henri Matisse wherein table and wall collapse into a unified, radiant red planar field unified by dark arabesque foliage patterns.

The Dance

A ca. 1906 Fauvist oil on canvas work ($6'\,7/8'' \times 6'10\,1/4''$) by André Derain featuring dynamic, sinuous figures in intensely bright, unnatural, and non-imitative pigments.

German Expressionism

An artistic movement featuring exaggerated and distorted forms, ragged or fuzzy outlines, and agitated brushstrokes, organized not around official academies or salons but through small independent artist associations.

Die Brücke (The Bridge)

A German Expressionist association founded to challenge old academic artistic traditions through raw, emotionally agitated subjects and jarring colors, led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.

Street, Dresden

A ca. 1907–1908 German Expressionist oil on canvas painting ($4'11\,1/4'' \times 6'6\,7/8''$) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner showing city dwellers with mask-like faces in an unsettling urban crowd.

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

A Munich-based German Expressionist artist group led by Vassily Kandinsky that emphasized spiritual expression, emotional resonance of pure color, and non-representational abstraction.

Improvisation 28 (Second Version)

A ca. 1912 German Expressionist oil on canvas painting ($3'7\,7/8'' \times 5'3\,7/8''$) by Vassily Kandinsky featuring complete departure from representational space, conveying spiritual themes through color and black line networks.

Fate of the Animals

A ca. 1913 German Expressionist oil painting ($6'4\,3/4'' \times 8'9\,1/2''$) by Franz Marc portraying animals caught in a violent, shattered composition of diagonal lines and apocalyptic color.

Woman with Dead Child

A ca. 1903 German Expressionist print ($1'4\,5/8'' \times 1'7\,1/8''$) by Käthe Kollwitz created with etching and soft ground etching overprinted lithographically with a gold tone plate, depicting raw grief and maternal sorrow.

Seated Youth

A ca. 1917 German Expressionist tinted plaster sculpture ($3'4\,5/8'' \times 2'6'' \times 3'9''$) by Wilhelm Lehmbruck displaying elongated, melancholic bodily proportions comparable in posture to the ancient Hellenistic 'Seated Boxer.'

1st Phase Cubism

An early phase of Cubism (formerly known as Primitivism) characterized by abstract geometric shapes, angular planes, distorted features, no clear spatial definition, and severe flattening influenced by African and non-Western masks.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

A ca. 1907 1st Phase Cubist oil on canvas painting ($8' \times 7'8''$) by Pablo Picasso depicting five female figures with fractured planar anatomy, distorted perspectives, and mask-like faces.

Analytical Cubism

A phase of Cubism completely diverging from illusionistic and naturalistic art, utilizing intense analysis to dissect elements from the whole and reassemble them into multifaceted, abstracted planar compositions.

The Portuguese

A ca. 1911 Analytical Cubist oil painting ($3'10\,1/8'' \times 2'8''$) by Georges Braque that systematically deconstructs a figure playing a guitar into pale, monochromatic intersecting planes and stenciled lettering.

Synthetic Cubism

A style of Cubism where works are constructed by pasting cut paper, objects, or outside materials directly onto the support to depict parts of the subject, commonly termed collage or papier collé.

Still-Life with Chair-Caning

A ca. 1912 Synthetic Cubist mixed-media work ($10\,5/8'' \times 1'1\,3/4''$) by Pablo Picasso executed in oil and oilcloth on oval canvas, framed with a rope and introducing commercial printed texture into high art.

Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe, and Glass

A ca. 1913 Synthetic Cubist papier collé ($1'6\,7/8'' \times 2'1\,1/4''$) by Georges Braque made of charcoal and various cut papers pasted on paper to represent a tabletop arrangement.

Bather

A ca. 1917 Cubist bronze sculpture ($2'10\,3/4'' \times 1'1\,1/4'' \times 1'1''$) by Jacques Lipchitz translating Cubist multi-faceted planar geometry into a three-dimensional figurative volume.

Futurism

An early 20th-century movement advocating cultural renewal and praising the speed, efficiency, and dynamism of modern machines, rendering continuous motion, space, and 'visual vibrations' suspended in time.

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

A ca. 1912 Futurist oil on canvas painting ($2'11\,3/8'' \times 3'7\,1/4''$) by Giacomo Balla displaying the rapid, rhythmic multiplication of a dog's moving feet and leash to create visual vibrations.

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

A ca. 1913 Futurist bronze sculpture ($3'7\,7/8'' \times 2'10\,7/8'' \times 1'3\,3/4''$) by Umberto Boccioni that models a striding human figure fused dynamically with its surrounding atmosphere and motion.