module 9: mesodermal differentiation

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Last updated 6:44 PM on 4/29/26
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11 Terms

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gastrulation (chickens)

  • blastodisk: initial divisions, always tilted-gravity determines orientation,

  • mesoblastic discoidel

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cytokinesis furrow

part of meroblastic discoidel cleavage in chickens

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subgerminal cavity

space between the yolk and the epiblast layer where the hypoblast develops

<p>space between the yolk and the epiblast layer where the hypoblast develops</p>
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koller’s sickle

more dense area of cells underneath the area pellucida, occurs after laying, where the primitive streak grows from

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area opaca

outer layer of the embryo

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area pellucida

the inner area of the embryo

<p>the inner area of the embryo</p>
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epiblast

ectoderm + mesoderm + endoderm

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specification of the primitive streak stage 1

  • wnt8c is expressed around marginal zone

  • vg1 (TGFb ligand) expressed on posterior side marginal zone

  • cerberus expressed from hypoblast —> seqeusters and inhibits wnt8c and Vg1

<ul><li><p>wnt8c is expressed around marginal zone</p></li><li><p>vg1 (TGFb ligand) expressed on posterior side marginal zone</p></li><li><p>cerberus expressed from hypoblast —&gt; seqeusters and inhibits wnt8c and Vg1</p></li></ul><p></p>
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specification of primitive streak stage 2

  • proliferation of cells from area opaca form the endoblast next to the hypoblast —> pushes cerberus expression farther away allowing wnt8c and Vg1 activation

  • expressed wnt8c and Vg1 + FGF expressed from the growing Koller’s sickle —> activate NODAL (TGFb)

<ul><li><p>proliferation of cells from area opaca form the endoblast next to the hypoblast —&gt; pushes cerberus expression farther away allowing wnt8c and Vg1 activation</p></li><li><p>expressed wnt8c and Vg1 + FGF expressed from the growing Koller’s sickle —&gt; activate NODAL (TGFb)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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specification of primitive streak stage 3

  • NODAL expression defines the primitive streak

  • NODAL forms the organizer: organizes cells into mesodermal and endodermal cells (needed and sufficient for orientation of embryo)

<ul><li><p>NODAL expression defines the primitive streak </p></li><li><p> NODAL forms the organizer: organizes cells into mesodermal and endodermal cells (needed and sufficient for orientation of embryo)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Hensen’s node

node between notochord and primitive streak (AP)