Unit 3 Exam

What is Thermodynamics?

Energy flow

How do we define energy?

The ability to do work

What unit do we use for energy?

Calories

What is a nutrional calorie equal to in calorie?

1,000 calories or 1 kilocalorie (Kcal)

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics?

The amount of energy in the universe is constant

Energy is neither ———- nor destroyed but it can change form?

Created

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Energy naturally flows from high to low potential

What is Entropy?

The tendency of system to become disorganized, order to disorder

What is chemical energy?

Burning a fuel

What is Radiant Energy?

Released from the sun

What is mechanical Energy?

Movement without burning a fuel

What is electrical energy?

Opposites attract, likes repel

What is nuclear energy?

Fission and Fusion

What is metabolism?

An organism ability to acquire and use energy

What are types of Energy Transfers?

Exergonic and Endergonic

What is Exergonic?

Means energy out, and reactions that release energy

What is Endergonic?

Means Energy in, and is a reaction that require energy

What direction can reaction happen?

Can occur in either direction

What are metabolic pathways?

Pathway is the series of reaction

What are linear pathways?

A pathway that flows and cannot skip steps

What are Cyclic Pathways?

A more advance pathway that flows in a circle and is more advanced

What are enzymes functions?

They speed up metabolic reaction, from organic catalyst, reduce activation energy

What is activation energy?

The energy that is needed to trigger a reaction

What are types of a biological molecule?

Very large proteins that names often end in -ase

How are enzymes efficient?

They are reusable, and don’t wear out overtime, and can trigger reactions in either direction

How are enzymes soeficity?

They are very specific and 1 enzyme equals 1 type of reaction

What are enzymes Active Sites?

A binding site for a specific substrate

How does temperature control enzyme activity?

An increase in temp will increase enzyme activity

What control does PH have on enzymes?

Most enzymes work best at neutral

What enzymes can live in the stomach?

Pepsin

How does concentration effect enzymes?

activity is limited by amount of substrate available

How does feedback inhibition affect enzymes?

An adequate quantity of end product is produce, the pathway is shut down

What is allosteric Site?

The 2nd binding site on enzyme for a control substance which shuts down the pathway

What are cofactors and coenzymes?

Work with enzymes that body cannot produce like vitamins

What are cofactors?

Metal ions

What are coenzymes?

organic nucleotides

What is NADPH?

Photosynthesis

What is NADH?

Respiration

What is FADH2?

Respiration

What do NADPH, NADH, FADh2 do?

Allow for temporary energy storage