Midterm Main Concepts Review

Dorsal Scapular muscle innervations

levator scapulae, rhomboids

suprascapular nerve muscle innervation

suprascapularis, infrascapularis

long thoracic nerve muscle innervation

serratus anterior

lateral pectoral nerve muscle innervation

pec major (both heads), pec minor

communicating branch muscle innervation

pec minor

medial pectoral nerve muscle innervation

pec major sternal head, pec minor

upper subscapular nerve muscle innervation

subscapularis

thoracodorsal nerve muscle innervation

latissimus dorsi

lower subscapular nerve muscle innervations

subscapularis, teres major

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) muscle innervations

traps (upper, middle, lower), sternocleidomastoid

musculocutaneous nerve muscle innervations

biceps brachii, brachialis, corocobrachialis

Axillary nerve muscle innervations

deltoids, teres minor

Radial nerve muscle innervations

triceps (long, lateral, medial), extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis), brachioradialis

blue muscle

sternocleidomastoid

name the muscles

upper, middle, lower trapezius

name the muscles

rhomboids minor (superior), rhomboids major (inferior)

name the red muscle

levator scapulae

name the muscle

latissimus dorsi

name the muscle

teres major

name the muscle

serratus anterior

ADHD

altered dopamine and norepinephrine signaling in the prefrontal cortex

premotor cortex vs prefrontal cortex

premotor plans movement (“gas”), prefrontal manages emotional regulation and executive decisions (“breaks”)

broca’s aphasia/ expressive aphasia

frontal lobe impairment; trouble speaking due to motor impairment

hemispacial neglect

parietal lobe impairment; dysfunctional visuospacial processing

test for hemispacial neglect

line bisection test

wernicke’s aphasia

temporal lobe impairment; inability to comprehend language causing nonsensical, but fluent speech

hemianopia

occipital lobe impairment; loss of half of visual field

quadrantanopia

occipital lobe impairment; loss of ¼ of visual field

visual agnosia

occipital lobe impairment; difficulty recognizing objects despite intact vision

cortical blindness

occipital lobe impairment; complete or partial loss of vision due to bilateral damage in primary visual cortex

prosopagnosia

occipital lobe impairment; difficulty recognizing faces

name the muscles

posterior, middle, anterior deltoid

name the muscle

supraspinatus

name the muscle

infraspinatus

name the muscle

teres minor

name the muscle

subscapularis

rotator cuff

SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

name the muscles

lateral, long, and medial head triceps

quadrangular space

teres minor, teres major, triceps brachii long head, and axillary nerve

Quadrangular space syndrome

compression on axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery as they pass through the QS causing posterior and lateral shoulder pain or numbness

Thalamic Stroke

sensory disturbances like chronic burning or aching pain, numbness, tingling, sensitivity to touch

amygdala impairment

anxiety, depression, PTSD, autism

cingulate gyrus dysfunction

chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia, chronic back pain, neuropathic pain

limbic system

amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus

hippocampus impairment

alzheimer’s disease, impaired memory and spacial navigation, impaired emotional regulation

Parkinson’s Disease

degeneration of dopamine production in basal ganglia causing bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity, hypophonia, micrographia, and difficulty learning procedural tasks

name the muscle

corocobrachialis

name the muscle

brachialis

name the muscle

biceps brachii

name the muscles

pec minor (superior), pec major (inferior)

distal biceps tendon rupture

difficulty with supination and elbow flexion

proximal biceps tendon rupture

visible deformity and pain with shoulder flexion