Lower Extremity Ligaments

Iliofemoral Ligament

Y-ligament (Strongest ligament in the Body)

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Intertrochanteric Line

Checks/Restricts: Hyperextension

Pubofemoral Ligament

Origin: Superior Pubic Ramus

Insertion: Intertrochanteric Line

Checks/Restricts: Abduction and Extension

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Origin: Ischial part of the acetabular rim

Insertion: Bass of the Greater Trochanter

Checks/Restricts: Medial/Internal Rotation

Inguinal Ligament

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Pubic Tubercule

Checks/Restricts: Anchors Abdominial muscles to Pelvis, Supports lower abdomen and groin

Patellar Ligament

Origin: Apex of Patella

Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity

Checks/Restricts: Stabilizes Patella and Acts as a Pulley system (Mechanical Advantage and Knee Extension)

Medial Patellar Femoral Ligament

Origin: Medial Femur

Insertion: Superomedial Patella

Checks/Restricts: Lateral Translation of the Patella

Lateral Patellar Femoral Ligament

Origin: On the femur Anteriodistal to the lateral femoral epicondyle

Insertion: Middle third of the lateral patella

Checks/Restricts: Medial translation of the Patella

Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament

Origin: Medial Epicondyle

Insertion: Medial Shaft of Tibia

Checks/Restricts: Valgus movement

Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle

Insertion: Fibular Head

Checks/Restricts: Varus stress

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Origin: Semimembranosis

Insertion: Posterior Capsule (near intercondylar fossa)

Checks/Restricts: Hyperextension

Arcuite Popliteal Ligament

Origin: Fibular Head

Insertion: Posterior Intercondylar Fossa

Checks/Restricts: Keeps Popliteus in place

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Origin: Anterior Intercondylar area of Tibia

Insertion: Medial wall of the Lateral condyle of the Femur

Checks/Restricts: Anterior translation of Tibia in relation to Femur (also Hyperextension and Internal Rotation)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Origin: Posterior Intercondylar area of Tibia

Insertion: Lateral wall of Medial Condyle of Femur

Checks/Restricts: Posterior translation of Tibia (also Hyperflexion of Tibia)

Coronary Ligaments

Attach menisci to the plateau (think like a crown)

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Most commonly injured ligament in the body (Rolling ankle)

Origin: Lateral Malleolus

Insertion: Neck of the Talus

Checks/Restricts: Inversion and Plantarflexion

Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Origin: Medial aspect of Lateral Malleolus

Insertion: Posterior Process of Talus

Checks/Restricts: Posterior Displacement of Talus

Calcaneofibular Ligament

Origin: Lateral Malleolus

Insertion: Lateral surface of Calcaneous

Checks/Restricts: Hyperinversion

Deltoid Ligament

Origin: Medial Aspect of Medial Malleolus

Insertion: Talus, Calcaneous and Navicular

Checks/Restricts: Eversion

What ligaments make up the Deltoid Ligament

Tibionavicular and Tibiocalcaneal (Superficial), Anterior Tibiotalar and Posterior Tibiotalar (Deep)

Tibionavicular Ligament

Origin: Medial Malleolus

Insertion: Navicular Tuberosity

Checks/Restricts: Eversion while foot is plantarflexed

Tibiocalcaneal Ligament

Origin: Medial Malleolus

Insertion: Sustentaculum Tali

Checks/Restricts: Eversion

Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament

Origin: Medial Malleolus

Insertion: Medial aspect of Talus

Checks/Restricts: Eversion

Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament

Origin: Medial Malleolus

Insertion: Posterior Aspect of the Medial surface of Talus

Checks/Restricts: Eversion while foot is Dorsiflexed

Plantar Calcaneaonavicular Ligament (Spring Ligament)

Origin: Sustentaculum Tali

Insertion: Posterior aspect of Navicular

Checks/Restricts: Directly supports Head of Talus. Keystone to Medial Longitudinal Arch

If there’s laxity in the spring ligament, what can happen?

Pes Planus (Flat Feet)

Long Plantar Ligament

Origin: Inferior, Plantar surface of Calcaneous

Insertion: Bases of Digits 2-5 and Cuboid

Checks/Restricts: Helps provide support of Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Short Plantar Ligament

Origin: Deep to Long Plantar, Calcaneous

Insertion: Inferior surface of Cuboid

Checks/Restricts: Helps with Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Plantar Fascia

Origin: Medial Portion of Calcaneous

Goes through the foot and helps to support and maintain arches

Windlass Mechanism

Rigid and Pliable

Helps with Toe Extension and Pushoff