Anatomy Exam 2

Functions of the Skeletal System

support, protection, storage of minerals

2 divisions of skeletal system

axial / appendicular

axial skeleton

bones of the skull / vertebrae

appendicular skeleton

bones of limbs

5 bone categories

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

long bones

(shape + example)

long + slender / femur

short bones

(shape + example)

short + boxy / carpal

flat bones
(shape + example)

thin + flat / ribs

irregular bones

(shape + example)

complex shapes / vertebrae

sesamoid bone

(shape + example)

develop in tendons / patella

Long bone anatomy

diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis

Diaphysis (long bone anatomy)

shaft

epiphysis (long bone anatomy)

ends of bone

metaphysis (long bone anatomy)

middle region between shaft and ends

2 types of bone

compact bone / cancellous

What four layers are associated with a typical bone?

periosteum, endosteum, compact, cancellous

compact bone

forms protective layer

cancellous bone

interior of bones

4 major types of bone cells

osteocytes, osteoclast, osteoblast, osteoprogenitor

osteoprogenitor cells

precursors to osteoblasts

osteoblast cells

make bone

osteoclast cells

break down bone

osteocytes

mature bone cells