Tyagi, Avantika - 1st Period - Unit 3: Anatomy and Physiology

Printed list packet

Adipose

Pertaining to fat

Arrector pili

Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles; contract when cold, causing goose bumps that help conserve body heat

Artery

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood

Basal Layer

Deepest layer of the epidermis; constantly makes new cells that push older cells to the surface

Collagen

Fibrous protein in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments; gives skin shape, strength, and elasticity

Cutaneous

Pertaining to the skin

Cuticle

Narrow band of epidermal tissue attached at the base and sides of the nail plate

Dermis (corium)

Middle layer of skin beneath the epidermis; contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands

Epidermis

Outer layer of the skin

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers the body’s surface and lines internal organs and cavities

Gland

Cell or group of cells that secretes substances within or out of the body

Hair Follicle (Hair bulb)

Tiny cavity in the dermis from which hair grows

Hair Shaft

The part of the hair that sticks out above the skin

Integumentary System

The skin and its accessory organs: Hair, nails, and glands; skin is the largest organ in the body

Intradermal

intra- (within) + dermis/o (skin) + -al (pertaining to); pertaining to within the skin

Keratin

Fibrous, water-repellent protein; soft keratin is in the epidermis, hard keratin is in hair and nails

Leukocyte

leuk/o (white) + -cyte (cell); white blood cell

Lipocytes

Cells that manufacture and store fat; make up the subcutaneous layer

Lunula

Semilunar (half-moon) white area at the proximal end of the nail; most visible on thumbnails

Melanin

Dark brown-to-black pigment made by melanocytes; gives skin its color

Melanocyte

Black cell; produces melanin, which gives skin and hair their color

Mucous Membrane

Epithelial tissue lining body cavities that open to the outside, like the nose and mouth

Nail Plate (Nail Body)

Hard, see-through part of the nail

Nail Root

Area where the nail fits into a groove in the skin, fastening it to the finger or toe

Pathogen

Disease-Causing microorganism

Perspiration

Process by which skin excretes water, salt, and waste

Pore

Tiny opening in the skin where sweat exits the body

Sebaceous Gland

Oil gland in the dermis that secretes sebum into hair follicles (not on palms or soles)

Sebum

Oily, slightly acidic substance from sebaceous glands; lubricates hair and skin and discourages bacteria

Sloughed

Shed off; Describes old skin cells continuously replaced by new ones

Squamous

Flat; Scaly

Stratified

Layered

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Layers of flat cells that make up the epidermis

Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)

Deepest layer of skin; connects skin to surface muscles, provides heat insulation, and protects deeper tissues

Sweat Glands

Tiny coiled glands in the dermis that release sweat through pores; sweat is 99% water and 1% salt and waste

Vein

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood